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# frozen_string_literal: true # # = open3.rb: Popen, but with stderr, too # # Author:: Yukihiro Matsumoto # Documentation:: Konrad Meyer # # Open3 gives you access to stdin, stdout, and stderr when running other # programs. # # # Open3 grants you access to stdin, stdout, stderr and a thread to wait for the # child process when running another program. # You can specify various attributes, redirections, current directory, etc., of # the program in the same way as for Process.spawn. # # - Open3.popen3 : pipes for stdin, stdout, stderr # - Open3.popen2 : pipes for stdin, stdout # - Open3.popen2e : pipes for stdin, merged stdout and stderr # - Open3.capture3 : give a string for stdin; get strings for stdout, stderr # - Open3.capture2 : give a string for stdin; get a string for stdout # - Open3.capture2e : give a string for stdin; get a string for merged stdout and stderr # - Open3.pipeline_rw : pipes for first stdin and last stdout of a pipeline # - Open3.pipeline_r : pipe for last stdout of a pipeline # - Open3.pipeline_w : pipe for first stdin of a pipeline # - Open3.pipeline_start : run a pipeline without waiting # - Open3.pipeline : run a pipeline and wait for its completion # require 'open3/version' # \Module \Open3 supports creating child processes # with access to their $stdin, $stdout, and $stderr streams. # # == What's Here # # Each of these methods executes a given command in a new process or subshell, # or multiple commands in new processes and/or subshells: # # - Each of these methods executes a single command in a process or subshell, # accepts a string for input to $stdin, # and returns string output from $stdout, $stderr, or both: # # - Open3.capture2: Executes the command; # returns the string from $stdout. # - Open3.capture2e: Executes the command; # returns the string from merged $stdout and $stderr. # - Open3.capture3: Executes the command; # returns strings from $stdout and $stderr. # # - Each of these methods executes a single command in a process or subshell, # and returns pipes for $stdin, $stdout, and/or $stderr: # # - Open3.popen2: Executes the command; # returns pipes for $stdin and $stdout. # - Open3.popen2e: Executes the command; # returns pipes for $stdin and merged $stdout and $stderr. # - Open3.popen3: Executes the command; # returns pipes for $stdin, $stdout, and $stderr. # # - Each of these methods executes one or more commands in processes and/or subshells, # returns pipes for the first $stdin, the last $stdout, or both: # # - Open3.pipeline_r: Returns a pipe for the last $stdout. # - Open3.pipeline_rw: Returns pipes for the first $stdin and the last $stdout. # - Open3.pipeline_w: Returns a pipe for the first $stdin. # - Open3.pipeline_start: Does not wait for processes to complete. # - Open3.pipeline: Waits for processes to complete. # # Each of the methods above accepts: # # - An optional hash of environment variable names and values; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # - A required string argument that is a +command_line+ or +exe_path+; # see {Argument command_line or exe_path}[rdoc-ref:Process@Argument+command_line+or+exe_path]. # - An optional hash of execution options; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # module Open3 # :call-seq: # Open3.popen3([env, ] command_line, options = {}) -> [stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thread] # Open3.popen3([env, ] exe_path, *args, options = {}) -> [stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thread] # Open3.popen3([env, ] command_line, options = {}) {|stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thread| ... } -> object # Open3.popen3([env, ] exe_path, *args, options = {}) {|stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thread| ... } -> object # # Basically a wrapper for # {Process.spawn}[rdoc-ref:Process.spawn] # that: # # - Creates a child process, by calling Process.spawn with the given arguments. # - Creates streams +stdin+, +stdout+, and +stderr+, # which are the standard input, standard output, and standard error streams # in the child process. # - Creates thread +wait_thread+ that waits for the child process to exit; # the thread has method +pid+, which returns the process ID # of the child process. # # With no block given, returns the array # <tt>[stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thread]</tt>. # The caller should close each of the three returned streams. # # stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thread = Open3.popen3('echo') # # => [#<IO:fd 8>, #<IO:fd 10>, #<IO:fd 12>, #<Process::Waiter:0x00007f58d5428f58 run>] # stdin.close # stdout.close # stderr.close # wait_thread.pid # => 2210481 # wait_thread.value # => #<Process::Status: pid 2210481 exit 0> # # With a block given, calls the block with the four variables # (three streams and the wait thread) # and returns the block's return value. # The caller need not close the streams: # # Open3.popen3('echo') do |stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thread| # p stdin # p stdout # p stderr # p wait_thread # p wait_thread.pid # p wait_thread.value # end # # Output: # # #<IO:fd 6> # #<IO:fd 7> # #<IO:fd 9> # #<Process::Waiter:0x00007f58d53606e8 sleep> # 2211047 # #<Process::Status: pid 2211047 exit 0> # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit # before returning, so the caller need not do so. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in the call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in the call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # The single required argument is one of the following: # # - +command_line+ if it is a string, # and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, # or if it contains one or more metacharacters. # - +exe_path+ otherwise. # # <b>Argument +command_line+</b> # # \String argument +command_line+ is a command line to be passed to a shell; # it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, # or contain meta characters: # # Open3.popen3('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') {|*args| p args } # Shell reserved word. # Open3.popen3('echo') {|*args| p args } # Built-in. # Open3.popen3('date > date.tmp') {|*args| p args } # Contains meta character. # # Output (similar for each call above): # # [#<IO:(closed)>, #<IO:(closed)>, #<IO:(closed)>, #<Process::Waiter:0x00007f58d52f28c8 dead>] # # The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command: # # Open3.popen3('echo "Foo"') { |i, o, e, t| o.gets } # "Foo\n" # # <b>Argument +exe_path+</b> # # Argument +exe_path+ is one of the following: # # - The string path to an executable to be called. # - A 2-element array containing the path to an executable # and the string to be used as the name of the executing process. # # Example: # # Open3.popen3('/usr/bin/date') { |i, o, e, t| o.gets } # # => "Wed Sep 27 02:56:44 PM CDT 2023\n" # # Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion: # # Open3.popen3('doesnt_exist') { |i, o, e, t| o.gets } # Raises Errno::ENOENT # # If one or more +args+ is given, each is an argument or option # to be passed to the executable: # # Open3.popen3('echo', 'C #') { |i, o, e, t| o.gets } # # => "C #\n" # Open3.popen3('echo', 'hello', 'world') { |i, o, e, t| o.gets } # # => "hello world\n" # # Take care to avoid deadlocks. # Output streams +stdout+ and +stderr+ have fixed-size buffers, # so reading extensively from one but not the other can cause a deadlock # when the unread buffer fills. # To avoid that, +stdout+ and +stderr+ should be read simultaneously # (using threads or IO.select). # # Related: # # - Open3.popen2: Makes the standard input and standard output streams # of the child process available as separate streams, # with no access to the standard error stream. # - Open3.popen2e: Makes the standard input and the merge # of the standard output and standard error streams # of the child process available as separate streams. # def popen3(*cmd, &block) if Hash === cmd.last opts = cmd.pop.dup else opts = {} end in_r, in_w = IO.pipe opts[:in] = in_r in_w.sync = true out_r, out_w = IO.pipe opts[:out] = out_w err_r, err_w = IO.pipe opts[:err] = err_w popen_run(cmd, opts, [in_r, out_w, err_w], [in_w, out_r, err_r], &block) end module_function :popen3 # :call-seq: # Open3.popen2([env, ] command_line, options = {}) -> [stdin, stdout, wait_thread] # Open3.popen2([env, ] exe_path, *args, options = {}) -> [stdin, stdout, wait_thread] # Open3.popen2([env, ] command_line, options = {}) {|stdin, stdout, wait_thread| ... } -> object # Open3.popen2([env, ] exe_path, *args, options = {}) {|stdin, stdout, wait_thread| ... } -> object # # Basically a wrapper for # {Process.spawn}[rdoc-ref:Process.spawn] # that: # # - Creates a child process, by calling Process.spawn with the given arguments. # - Creates streams +stdin+ and +stdout+, # which are the standard input and standard output streams # in the child process. # - Creates thread +wait_thread+ that waits for the child process to exit; # the thread has method +pid+, which returns the process ID # of the child process. # # With no block given, returns the array # <tt>[stdin, stdout, wait_thread]</tt>. # The caller should close each of the two returned streams. # # stdin, stdout, wait_thread = Open3.popen2('echo') # # => [#<IO:fd 6>, #<IO:fd 7>, #<Process::Waiter:0x00007f58d52dbe98 run>] # stdin.close # stdout.close # wait_thread.pid # => 2263572 # wait_thread.value # => #<Process::Status: pid 2263572 exit 0> # # With a block given, calls the block with the three variables # (two streams and the wait thread) # and returns the block's return value. # The caller need not close the streams: # # Open3.popen2('echo') do |stdin, stdout, wait_thread| # p stdin # p stdout # p wait_thread # p wait_thread.pid # p wait_thread.value # end # # Output: # # #<IO:fd 6> # #<IO:fd 7> # #<Process::Waiter:0x00007f58d59a34b0 sleep> # 2263636 # #<Process::Status: pid 2263636 exit 0> # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit # before returning, so the caller need not do so. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in the call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in the call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # The single required argument is one of the following: # # - +command_line+ if it is a string, # and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, # or if it contains one or more metacharacters. # - +exe_path+ otherwise. # # <b>Argument +command_line+</b> # # \String argument +command_line+ is a command line to be passed to a shell; # it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, # or contain meta characters: # # Open3.popen2('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') {|*args| p args } # Shell reserved word. # Open3.popen2('echo') {|*args| p args } # Built-in. # Open3.popen2('date > date.tmp') {|*args| p args } # Contains meta character. # # Output (similar for each call above): # # # => [#<IO:(closed)>, #<IO:(closed)>, #<Process::Waiter:0x00007f7577dfe410 dead>] # # The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command: # # Open3.popen2('echo "Foo"') { |i, o, t| o.gets } # "Foo\n" # # <b>Argument +exe_path+</b> # # Argument +exe_path+ is one of the following: # # - The string path to an executable to be called. # - A 2-element array containing the path to an executable # and the string to be used as the name of the executing process. # # Example: # # Open3.popen2('/usr/bin/date') { |i, o, t| o.gets } # # => "Thu Sep 28 09:41:06 AM CDT 2023\n" # # Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion: # # Open3.popen2('doesnt_exist') { |i, o, t| o.gets } # Raises Errno::ENOENT # # If one or more +args+ is given, each is an argument or option # to be passed to the executable: # # Open3.popen2('echo', 'C #') { |i, o, t| o.gets } # # => "C #\n" # Open3.popen2('echo', 'hello', 'world') { |i, o, t| o.gets } # # => "hello world\n" # # # Related: # # - Open3.popen2e: Makes the standard input and the merge # of the standard output and standard error streams # of the child process available as separate streams. # - Open3.popen3: Makes the standard input, standard output, # and standard error streams # of the child process available as separate streams. # def popen2(*cmd, &block) if Hash === cmd.last opts = cmd.pop.dup else opts = {} end in_r, in_w = IO.pipe opts[:in] = in_r in_w.sync = true out_r, out_w = IO.pipe opts[:out] = out_w popen_run(cmd, opts, [in_r, out_w], [in_w, out_r], &block) end module_function :popen2 # :call-seq: # Open3.popen2e([env, ] command_line, options = {}) -> [stdin, stdout_and_stderr, wait_thread] # Open3.popen2e([env, ] exe_path, *args, options = {}) -> [stdin, stdout_and_stderr, wait_thread] # Open3.popen2e([env, ] command_line, options = {}) {|stdin, stdout_and_stderr, wait_thread| ... } -> object # Open3.popen2e([env, ] exe_path, *args, options = {}) {|stdin, stdout_and_stderr, wait_thread| ... } -> object # # Basically a wrapper for # {Process.spawn}[rdoc-ref:Process.spawn] # that: # # - Creates a child process, by calling Process.spawn with the given arguments. # - Creates streams +stdin+, +stdout_and_stderr+, # which are the standard input and the merge of the standard output # and standard error streams in the child process. # - Creates thread +wait_thread+ that waits for the child process to exit; # the thread has method +pid+, which returns the process ID # of the child process. # # With no block given, returns the array # <tt>[stdin, stdout_and_stderr, wait_thread]</tt>. # The caller should close each of the two returned streams. # # stdin, stdout_and_stderr, wait_thread = Open3.popen2e('echo') # # => [#<IO:fd 6>, #<IO:fd 7>, #<Process::Waiter:0x00007f7577da4398 run>] # stdin.close # stdout_and_stderr.close # wait_thread.pid # => 2274600 # wait_thread.value # => #<Process::Status: pid 2274600 exit 0> # # With a block given, calls the block with the three variables # (two streams and the wait thread) # and returns the block's return value. # The caller need not close the streams: # # Open3.popen2e('echo') do |stdin, stdout_and_stderr, wait_thread| # p stdin # p stdout_and_stderr # p wait_thread # p wait_thread.pid # p wait_thread.value # end # # Output: # # #<IO:fd 6> # #<IO:fd 7> # #<Process::Waiter:0x00007f75777578c8 sleep> # 2274763 # #<Process::Status: pid 2274763 exit 0> # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit # before returning, so the caller need not do so. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in the call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in the call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # The single required argument is one of the following: # # - +command_line+ if it is a string, # and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, # or if it contains one or more metacharacters. # - +exe_path+ otherwise. # # <b>Argument +command_line+</b> # # \String argument +command_line+ is a command line to be passed to a shell; # it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, # or contain meta characters: # # Open3.popen2e('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') {|*args| p args } # Shell reserved word. # Open3.popen2e('echo') {|*args| p args } # Built-in. # Open3.popen2e('date > date.tmp') {|*args| p args } # Contains meta character. # # Output (similar for each call above): # # # => [#<IO:(closed)>, #<IO:(closed)>, #<Process::Waiter:0x00007f7577d8a1f0 dead>] # # The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command: # # Open3.popen2e('echo "Foo"') { |i, o_and_e, t| o_and_e.gets } # "Foo\n" # # <b>Argument +exe_path+</b> # # Argument +exe_path+ is one of the following: # # - The string path to an executable to be called. # - A 2-element array containing the path to an executable # and the string to be used as the name of the executing process. # # Example: # # Open3.popen2e('/usr/bin/date') { |i, o_and_e, t| o_and_e.gets } # # => "Thu Sep 28 01:58:45 PM CDT 2023\n" # # Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion: # # Open3.popen2e('doesnt_exist') { |i, o_and_e, t| o_and_e.gets } # Raises Errno::ENOENT # # If one or more +args+ is given, each is an argument or option # to be passed to the executable: # # Open3.popen2e('echo', 'C #') { |i, o_and_e, t| o_and_e.gets } # # => "C #\n" # Open3.popen2e('echo', 'hello', 'world') { |i, o_and_e, t| o_and_e.gets } # # => "hello world\n" # # Related: # # - Open3.popen2: Makes the standard input and standard output streams # of the child process available as separate streams, # with no access to the standard error stream. # - Open3.popen3: Makes the standard input, standard output, # and standard error streams # of the child process available as separate streams. # def popen2e(*cmd, &block) if Hash === cmd.last opts = cmd.pop.dup else opts = {} end in_r, in_w = IO.pipe opts[:in] = in_r in_w.sync = true out_r, out_w = IO.pipe opts[[:out, :err]] = out_w popen_run(cmd, opts, [in_r, out_w], [in_w, out_r], &block) ensure if block in_r.close in_w.close out_r.close out_w.close end end module_function :popen2e def popen_run(cmd, opts, child_io, parent_io) # :nodoc: pid = spawn(*cmd, opts) wait_thr = Process.detach(pid) child_io.each(&:close) result = [*parent_io, wait_thr] if defined? yield begin return yield(*result) ensure parent_io.each(&:close) wait_thr.join end end result end module_function :popen_run class << self private :popen_run end # :call-seq: # Open3.capture3([env, ] command_line, options = {}) -> [stdout_s, stderr_s, status] # Open3.capture3([env, ] exe_path, *args, options = {}) -> [stdout_s, stderr_s, status] # # Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that: # # - Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments # (except for certain entries in hash +options+; see below). # - Returns as strings +stdout_s+ and +stderr_s+ the standard output # and standard error of the child process. # - Returns as +status+ a <tt>Process::Status</tt> object # that represents the exit status of the child process. # # Returns the array <tt>[stdout_s, stderr_s, status]</tt>: # # stdout_s, stderr_s, status = Open3.capture3('echo "Foo"') # # => ["Foo\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2281954 exit 0>] # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit # before returning, so the caller need not do so. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in the call to Open3.popen3; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in the call to Open3.popen3; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # The hash +options+ is given; # two options have local effect in method Open3.capture3: # # - If entry <tt>options[:stdin_data]</tt> exists, the entry is removed # and its string value is sent to the command's standard input: # # Open3.capture3('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # # => ["Foo", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2319575 exit 0>] # # - If entry <tt>options[:binmode]</tt> exists, the entry is removed and # the internal streams are set to binary mode. # # The single required argument is one of the following: # # - +command_line+ if it is a string, # and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, # or if it contains one or more metacharacters. # - +exe_path+ otherwise. # # <b>Argument +command_line+</b> # # \String argument +command_line+ is a command line to be passed to a shell; # it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, # or contain meta characters: # # Open3.capture3('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # # => ["Foo\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282025 exit 0>] # Open3.capture3('echo') # Built-in. # # => ["\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282092 exit 0>] # Open3.capture3('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # # => ["", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282110 exit 0>] # # The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command: # # Open3.capture3('echo "Foo"') # # => ["Foo\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282092 exit 0>] # # <b>Argument +exe_path+</b> # # Argument +exe_path+ is one of the following: # # - The string path to an executable to be called. # - A 2-element array containing the path to an executable # and the string to be used as the name of the executing process. # # Example: # # Open3.capture3('/usr/bin/date') # # => ["Thu Sep 28 05:03:51 PM CDT 2023\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282300 exit 0>] # # Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion: # # Open3.capture3('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT # # If one or more +args+ is given, each is an argument or option # to be passed to the executable: # # Open3.capture3('echo', 'C #') # # => ["C #\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282368 exit 0>] # Open3.capture3('echo', 'hello', 'world') # # => ["hello world\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282372 exit 0>] # def capture3(*cmd) if Hash === cmd.last opts = cmd.pop.dup else opts = {} end stdin_data = opts.delete(:stdin_data) || '' binmode = opts.delete(:binmode) popen3(*cmd, opts) {|i, o, e, t| if binmode i.binmode o.binmode e.binmode end out_reader = Thread.new { o.read } err_reader = Thread.new { e.read } begin if stdin_data.respond_to? :readpartial IO.copy_stream(stdin_data, i) else i.write stdin_data end rescue Errno::EPIPE end i.close [out_reader.value, err_reader.value, t.value] } end module_function :capture3 # :call-seq: # Open3.capture2([env, ] command_line, options = {}) -> [stdout_s, status] # Open3.capture2([env, ] exe_path, *args, options = {}) -> [stdout_s, status] # # Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that: # # - Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments # (except for certain entries in hash +options+; see below). # - Returns as string +stdout_s+ the standard output of the child process. # - Returns as +status+ a <tt>Process::Status</tt> object # that represents the exit status of the child process. # # Returns the array <tt>[stdout_s, status]</tt>: # # stdout_s, status = Open3.capture2('echo "Foo"') # # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326047 exit 0>] # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit # before returning, so the caller need not do so. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in the call to Open3.popen3; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in the call to Open3.popen3; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # The hash +options+ is given; # two options have local effect in method Open3.capture2: # # - If entry <tt>options[:stdin_data]</tt> exists, the entry is removed # and its string value is sent to the command's standard input: # # Open3.capture2('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # # # => ["Foo", #<Process::Status: pid 2326087 exit 0>] # # - If entry <tt>options[:binmode]</tt> exists, the entry is removed and # the internal streams are set to binary mode. # # The single required argument is one of the following: # # - +command_line+ if it is a string, # and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, # or if it contains one or more metacharacters. # - +exe_path+ otherwise. # # <b>Argument +command_line+</b> # # \String argument +command_line+ is a command line to be passed to a shell; # it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, # or contain meta characters: # # Open3.capture2('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326131 exit 0>] # Open3.capture2('echo') # Built-in. # # => ["\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326139 exit 0>] # Open3.capture2('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # # => ["", #<Process::Status: pid 2326174 exit 0>] # # The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command: # # Open3.capture2('echo "Foo"') # # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326183 exit 0>] # # <b>Argument +exe_path+</b> # # Argument +exe_path+ is one of the following: # # - The string path to an executable to be called. # - A 2-element array containing the path to an executable # and the string to be used as the name of the executing process. # # Example: # # Open3.capture2('/usr/bin/date') # # => ["Fri Sep 29 01:00:39 PM CDT 2023\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326222 exit 0>] # # Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion: # # Open3.capture2('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT # # If one or more +args+ is given, each is an argument or option # to be passed to the executable: # # Open3.capture2('echo', 'C #') # # => ["C #\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326267 exit 0>] # Open3.capture2('echo', 'hello', 'world') # # => ["hello world\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326299 exit 0>] # def capture2(*cmd) if Hash === cmd.last opts = cmd.pop.dup else opts = {} end stdin_data = opts.delete(:stdin_data) binmode = opts.delete(:binmode) popen2(*cmd, opts) {|i, o, t| if binmode i.binmode o.binmode end out_reader = Thread.new { o.read } if stdin_data begin if stdin_data.respond_to? :readpartial IO.copy_stream(stdin_data, i) else i.write stdin_data end rescue Errno::EPIPE end end i.close [out_reader.value, t.value] } end module_function :capture2 # :call-seq: # Open3.capture2e([env, ] command_line, options = {}) -> [stdout_and_stderr_s, status] # Open3.capture2e([env, ] exe_path, *args, options = {}) -> [stdout_and_stderr_s, status] # # Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that: # # - Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments # (except for certain entries in hash +options+; see below). # - Returns as string +stdout_and_stderr_s+ the merged standard output # and standard error of the child process. # - Returns as +status+ a <tt>Process::Status</tt> object # that represents the exit status of the child process. # # Returns the array <tt>[stdout_and_stderr_s, status]</tt>: # # stdout_and_stderr_s, status = Open3.capture2e('echo "Foo"') # # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371692 exit 0>] # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit # before returning, so the caller need not do so. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in the call to Open3.popen3; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in the call to Open3.popen3; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # The hash +options+ is given; # two options have local effect in method Open3.capture2e: # # - If entry <tt>options[:stdin_data]</tt> exists, the entry is removed # and its string value is sent to the command's standard input: # # Open3.capture2e('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # # => ["Foo", #<Process::Status: pid 2371732 exit 0>] # # - If entry <tt>options[:binmode]</tt> exists, the entry is removed and # the internal streams are set to binary mode. # # The single required argument is one of the following: # # - +command_line+ if it is a string, # and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, # or if it contains one or more metacharacters. # - +exe_path+ otherwise. # # <b>Argument +command_line+</b> # # \String argument +command_line+ is a command line to be passed to a shell; # it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, # or contain meta characters: # # Open3.capture2e('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371740 exit 0>] # Open3.capture2e('echo') # Built-in. # # => ["\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371774 exit 0>] # Open3.capture2e('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # # => ["", #<Process::Status: pid 2371812 exit 0>] # # The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command: # # Open3.capture2e('echo "Foo"') # # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326183 exit 0>] # # <b>Argument +exe_path+</b> # # Argument +exe_path+ is one of the following: # # - The string path to an executable to be called. # - A 2-element array containing the path to an executable # and the string to be used as the name of the executing process. # # Example: # # Open3.capture2e('/usr/bin/date') # # => ["Sat Sep 30 09:01:46 AM CDT 2023\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371820 exit 0>] # # Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion: # # Open3.capture2e('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT # # If one or more +args+ is given, each is an argument or option # to be passed to the executable: # # Open3.capture2e('echo', 'C #') # # => ["C #\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371856 exit 0>] # Open3.capture2e('echo', 'hello', 'world') # # => ["hello world\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371894 exit 0>] # def capture2e(*cmd) if Hash === cmd.last opts = cmd.pop.dup else opts = {} end stdin_data = opts.delete(:stdin_data) binmode = opts.delete(:binmode) popen2e(*cmd, opts) {|i, oe, t| if binmode i.binmode oe.binmode end outerr_reader = Thread.new { oe.read } if stdin_data begin if stdin_data.respond_to? :readpartial IO.copy_stream(stdin_data, i) else i.write stdin_data end rescue Errno::EPIPE end end i.close [outerr_reader.value, t.value] } end module_function :capture2e # :call-seq: # Open3.pipeline_rw([env, ] *cmds, options = {}) -> [first_stdin, last_stdout, wait_threads] # # Basically a wrapper for # {Process.spawn}[rdoc-ref:Process.spawn] # that: # # - Creates a child process for each of the given +cmds+ # by calling Process.spawn. # - Pipes the +stdout+ from each child to the +stdin+ of the next child, # or, for the first child, from the caller's +stdin+, # or, for the last child, to the caller's +stdout+. # # The method does not wait for child processes to exit, # so the caller must do so. # # With no block given, returns a 3-element array containing: # # - The +stdin+ stream of the first child process. # - The +stdout+ stream of the last child process. # - An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes. # # Example: # # first_stdin, last_stdout, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_rw('sort', 'cat -n') # # => [#<IO:fd 20>, #<IO:fd 21>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de29ab40 sleep>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de29a690 sleep>]] # first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") # first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. # puts last_stdout.read # wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| # wait_thread.join # end # # Output: # # 1 bar # 2 baz # 3 foo # # With a block given, calls the block with the +stdin+ stream of the first child, # the +stdout+ stream of the last child, # and an array of the wait processes: # # Open3.pipeline_rw('sort', 'cat -n') do |first_stdin, last_stdout, wait_threads| # first_stdin.puts "foo\nbar\nbaz" # first_stdin.close # send EOF to sort. # puts last_stdout.read # wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| # wait_thread.join # end # end # # Output: # # 1 bar # 2 baz # 3 foo # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in each call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in each call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # Each remaining argument in +cmds+ is one of: # # - A +command_line+: a string that begins with a shell reserved word # or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters. # - An +exe_path+: the string path to an executable to be called. # - An array containing a +command_line+ or an +exe_path+, # along with zero or more string arguments for the command. # # See {Argument command_line or exe_path}[rdoc-ref:Process@Argument+command_line+or+exe_path]. # def pipeline_rw(*cmds, &block) if Hash === cmds.last opts = cmds.pop.dup else opts = {} end in_r, in_w = IO.pipe opts[:in] = in_r in_w.sync = true out_r, out_w = IO.pipe opts[:out] = out_w pipeline_run(cmds, opts, [in_r, out_w], [in_w, out_r], &block) end module_function :pipeline_rw # :call-seq: # Open3.pipeline_r([env, ] *cmds, options = {}) -> [last_stdout, wait_threads] # # Basically a wrapper for # {Process.spawn}[rdoc-ref:Process.spawn] # that: # # - Creates a child process for each of the given +cmds+ # by calling Process.spawn. # - Pipes the +stdout+ from each child to the +stdin+ of the next child, # or, for the last child, to the caller's +stdout+. # # The method does not wait for child processes to exit, # so the caller must do so. # # With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing: # # - The +stdout+ stream of the last child process. # - An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes. # # Example: # # last_stdout, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') # # => [#<IO:fd 5>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f9898 dead>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f94b0 sleep>]] # puts last_stdout.read # wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| # wait_thread.join # end # # Output: # # Rakefile # README.md # # With a block given, calls the block with the +stdout+ stream # of the last child process, # and an array of the wait processes: # # Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') do |last_stdout, wait_threads| # puts last_stdout.read # wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| # wait_thread.join # end # end # # Output: # # Rakefile # README.md # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in each call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in each call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # Each remaining argument in +cmds+ is one of: # # - A +command_line+: a string that begins with a shell reserved word # or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters. # - An +exe_path+: the string path to an executable to be called. # - An array containing a +command_line+ or an +exe_path+, # along with zero or more string arguments for the command. # # See {Argument command_line or exe_path}[rdoc-ref:Process@Argument+command_line+or+exe_path]. # def pipeline_r(*cmds, &block) if Hash === cmds.last opts = cmds.pop.dup else opts = {} end out_r, out_w = IO.pipe opts[:out] = out_w pipeline_run(cmds, opts, [out_w], [out_r], &block) end module_function :pipeline_r # :call-seq: # Open3.pipeline_w([env, ] *cmds, options = {}) -> [first_stdin, wait_threads] # # Basically a wrapper for # {Process.spawn}[rdoc-ref:Process.spawn] # that: # # - Creates a child process for each of the given +cmds+ # by calling Process.spawn. # - Pipes the +stdout+ from each child to the +stdin+ of the next child, # or, for the first child, pipes the caller's +stdout+ to the child's +stdin+. # # The method does not wait for child processes to exit, # so the caller must do so. # # With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing: # # - The +stdin+ stream of the first child process. # - An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes. # # Example: # # first_stdin, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') # # => [#<IO:fd 7>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de928278 run>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de923e80 run>]] # first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") # first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. # wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| # wait_thread.join # end # # Output: # # 1 bar # 2 baz # 3 foo # # With a block given, calls the block with the +stdin+ stream # of the first child process, # and an array of the wait processes: # # Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') do |first_stdin, wait_threads| # first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") # first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. # wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| # wait_thread.join # end # end # # Output: # # 1 bar # 2 baz # 3 foo # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in each call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in each call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # Each remaining argument in +cmds+ is one of: # # - A +command_line+: a string that begins with a shell reserved word # or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters. # - An +exe_path+: the string path to an executable to be called. # - An array containing a +command_line+ or an +exe_path+, # along with zero or more string arguments for the command. # # See {Argument command_line or exe_path}[rdoc-ref:Process@Argument+command_line+or+exe_path]. # def pipeline_w(*cmds, &block) if Hash === cmds.last opts = cmds.pop.dup else opts = {} end in_r, in_w = IO.pipe opts[:in] = in_r in_w.sync = true pipeline_run(cmds, opts, [in_r], [in_w], &block) end module_function :pipeline_w # :call-seq: # Open3.pipeline_start([env, ] *cmds, options = {}) -> [wait_threads] # # Basically a wrapper for # {Process.spawn}[rdoc-ref:Process.spawn] # that: # # - Creates a child process for each of the given +cmds+ # by calling Process.spawn. # - Does not wait for child processes to exit. # # With no block given, returns an array of the wait threads # for all of the child processes. # # Example: # # wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_start('ls', 'grep R') # # => [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de9d2bb0 run>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de9d2890 run>] # wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| # wait_thread.join # end # # Output: # # Rakefile # README.md # # With a block given, calls the block with an array of the wait processes: # # Open3.pipeline_start('ls', 'grep R') do |wait_threads| # wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| # wait_thread.join # end # end # # Output: # # Rakefile # README.md # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in each call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in each call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # Each remaining argument in +cmds+ is one of: # # - A +command_line+: a string that begins with a shell reserved word # or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters. # - An +exe_path+: the string path to an executable to be called. # - An array containing a +command_line+ or an +exe_path+, # along with zero or more string arguments for the command. # # See {Argument command_line or exe_path}[rdoc-ref:Process@Argument+command_line+or+exe_path]. # def pipeline_start(*cmds, &block) if Hash === cmds.last opts = cmds.pop.dup else opts = {} end if block pipeline_run(cmds, opts, [], [], &block) else ts, = pipeline_run(cmds, opts, [], []) ts end end module_function :pipeline_start # :call-seq: # Open3.pipeline([env, ] *cmds, options = {}) -> array_of_statuses # # Basically a wrapper for # {Process.spawn}[rdoc-ref:Process.spawn] # that: # # - Creates a child process for each of the given +cmds+ # by calling Process.spawn. # - Pipes the +stdout+ from each child to the +stdin+ of the next child, # or, for the last child, to the caller's +stdout+. # - Waits for the child processes to exit. # - Returns an array of Process::Status objects (one for each child). # # Example: # # wait_threads = Open3.pipeline('ls', 'grep R') # # => [#<Process::Status: pid 2139200 exit 0>, #<Process::Status: pid 2139202 exit 0>] # # Output: # # Rakefile # README.md # # Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities # if called with untrusted input; # see {Command Injection}[rdoc-ref:command_injection.rdoc@Command+Injection]. # # If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument +env+ # in each call to Process.spawn; # see {Execution Environment}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Environment]. # # If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument +options+ # in each call to Process.spawn' # see {Execution Options}[rdoc-ref:Process@Execution+Options]. # # Each remaining argument in +cmds+ is one of: # # - A +command_line+: a string that begins with a shell reserved word # or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters. # - An +exe_path+: the string path to an executable to be called. # - An array containing a +command_line+ or an +exe_path+, # along with zero or more string arguments for the command. # # See {Argument command_line or exe_path}[rdoc-ref:Process@Argument+command_line+or+exe_path]. # def pipeline(*cmds) if Hash === cmds.last opts = cmds.pop.dup else opts = {} end pipeline_run(cmds, opts, [], []) {|ts| ts.map(&:value) } end module_function :pipeline def pipeline_run(cmds, pipeline_opts, child_io, parent_io) # :nodoc: if cmds.empty? raise ArgumentError, "no commands" end opts_base = pipeline_opts.dup opts_base.delete :in opts_base.delete :out wait_thrs = [] r = nil cmds.each_with_index {|cmd, i| cmd_opts = opts_base.dup if String === cmd cmd = [cmd] else cmd_opts.update cmd.pop if Hash === cmd.last end if i == 0 if !cmd_opts.include?(:in) if pipeline_opts.include?(:in) cmd_opts[:in] = pipeline_opts[:in] end end else cmd_opts[:in] = r end if i != cmds.length - 1 r2, w2 = IO.pipe cmd_opts[:out] = w2 else if !cmd_opts.include?(:out) if pipeline_opts.include?(:out) cmd_opts[:out] = pipeline_opts[:out] end end end pid = spawn(*cmd, cmd_opts) wait_thrs << Process.detach(pid) r&.close w2&.close r = r2 } result = parent_io + [wait_thrs] child_io.each(&:close) if defined? yield begin return yield(*result) ensure parent_io.each(&:close) wait_thrs.each(&:join) end end result end module_function :pipeline_run class << self private :pipeline_run end end # JRuby uses different popen logic on Windows, require it here to reuse wrapper methods above. require 'open3/jruby_windows' if RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby' && JRuby::Util::ON_WINDOWS
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