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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # Random/random.py : Strong alternative for the standard 'random' module # # Written in 2008 by Dwayne C. Litzenberger <dlitz@dlitz.net> # # =================================================================== # The contents of this file are dedicated to the public domain. To # the extent that dedication to the public domain is not available, # everyone is granted a worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free, # non-exclusive license to exercise all rights associated with the # contents of this file for any purpose whatsoever. # No rights are reserved. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, # EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF # MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND # NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS # BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN # ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN # CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE # SOFTWARE. # =================================================================== __all__ = ['StrongRandom', 'getrandbits', 'randrange', 'randint', 'choice', 'shuffle', 'sample'] from Crypto import Random from Crypto.Util.py3compat import is_native_int class StrongRandom(object): def __init__(self, rng=None, randfunc=None): if randfunc is None and rng is None: self._randfunc = None elif randfunc is not None and rng is None: self._randfunc = randfunc elif randfunc is None and rng is not None: self._randfunc = rng.read else: raise ValueError("Cannot specify both 'rng' and 'randfunc'") def getrandbits(self, k): """Return an integer with k random bits.""" if self._randfunc is None: self._randfunc = Random.new().read mask = (1 << k) - 1 return mask & bytes_to_long(self._randfunc(ceil_div(k, 8))) def randrange(self, *args): """randrange([start,] stop[, step]): Return a randomly-selected element from range(start, stop, step).""" if len(args) == 3: (start, stop, step) = args elif len(args) == 2: (start, stop) = args step = 1 elif len(args) == 1: (stop,) = args start = 0 step = 1 else: raise TypeError("randrange expected at most 3 arguments, got %d" % (len(args),)) if (not is_native_int(start) or not is_native_int(stop) or not is_native_int(step)): raise TypeError("randrange requires integer arguments") if step == 0: raise ValueError("randrange step argument must not be zero") num_choices = ceil_div(stop - start, step) if num_choices < 0: num_choices = 0 if num_choices < 1: raise ValueError("empty range for randrange(%r, %r, %r)" % (start, stop, step)) # Pick a random number in the range of possible numbers r = num_choices while r >= num_choices: r = self.getrandbits(size(num_choices)) return start + (step * r) def randint(self, a, b): """Return a random integer N such that a <= N <= b.""" if not is_native_int(a) or not is_native_int(b): raise TypeError("randint requires integer arguments") N = self.randrange(a, b+1) assert a <= N <= b return N def choice(self, seq): """Return a random element from a (non-empty) sequence. If the seqence is empty, raises IndexError. """ if len(seq) == 0: raise IndexError("empty sequence") return seq[self.randrange(len(seq))] def shuffle(self, x): """Shuffle the sequence in place.""" # Fisher-Yates shuffle. O(n) # See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle # Working backwards from the end of the array, we choose a random item # from the remaining items until all items have been chosen. for i in range(len(x)-1, 0, -1): # iterate from len(x)-1 downto 1 j = self.randrange(0, i+1) # choose random j such that 0 <= j <= i x[i], x[j] = x[j], x[i] # exchange x[i] and x[j] def sample(self, population, k): """Return a k-length list of unique elements chosen from the population sequence.""" num_choices = len(population) if k > num_choices: raise ValueError("sample larger than population") retval = [] selected = {} # we emulate a set using a dict here for i in range(k): r = None while r is None or r in selected: r = self.randrange(num_choices) retval.append(population[r]) selected[r] = 1 return retval _r = StrongRandom() getrandbits = _r.getrandbits randrange = _r.randrange randint = _r.randint choice = _r.choice shuffle = _r.shuffle sample = _r.sample # These are at the bottom to avoid problems with recursive imports from Crypto.Util.number import ceil_div, bytes_to_long, long_to_bytes, size # vim:set ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 expandtab:
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