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#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_CODE_H #define Py_INTERNAL_CODE_H #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #define CODE_MAX_WATCHERS 8 /* PEP 659 * Specialization and quickening structs and helper functions */ // Inline caches. If you change the number of cache entries for an instruction, // you must *also* update the number of cache entries in Lib/opcode.py and bump // the magic number in Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py! #define CACHE_ENTRIES(cache) (sizeof(cache)/sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT)) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; uint16_t index; uint16_t module_keys_version; uint16_t builtin_keys_version; } _PyLoadGlobalCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyLoadGlobalCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; } _PyBinaryOpCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyBinaryOpCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; } _PyUnpackSequenceCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE \ CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyUnpackSequenceCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; } _PyCompareOpCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyCompareOpCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; } _PyBinarySubscrCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyBinarySubscrCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; } _PySuperAttrCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PySuperAttrCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; uint16_t version[2]; uint16_t index; } _PyAttrCache; typedef struct { uint16_t counter; uint16_t type_version[2]; uint16_t keys_version[2]; uint16_t descr[4]; } _PyLoadMethodCache; // MUST be the max(_PyAttrCache, _PyLoadMethodCache) #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyLoadMethodCache) #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyAttrCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; uint16_t func_version[2]; } _PyCallCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyCallCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; } _PyStoreSubscrCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyStoreSubscrCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; } _PyForIterCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyForIterCache) typedef struct { uint16_t counter; } _PySendCache; #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND CACHE_ENTRIES(_PySendCache) // Borrowed references to common callables: struct callable_cache { PyObject *isinstance; PyObject *len; PyObject *list_append; PyObject *object__getattribute__; }; /* "Locals plus" for a code object is the set of locals + cell vars + * free vars. This relates to variable names as well as offsets into * the "fast locals" storage array of execution frames. The compiler * builds the list of names, their offsets, and the corresponding * kind of local. * * Those kinds represent the source of the initial value and the * variable's scope (as related to closures). A "local" is an * argument or other variable defined in the current scope. A "free" * variable is one that is defined in an outer scope and comes from * the function's closure. A "cell" variable is a local that escapes * into an inner function as part of a closure, and thus must be * wrapped in a cell. Any "local" can also be a "cell", but the * "free" kind is mutually exclusive with both. */ // Note that these all fit within a byte, as do combinations. // Later, we will use the smaller numbers to differentiate the different // kinds of locals (e.g. pos-only arg, varkwargs, local-only). #define CO_FAST_HIDDEN 0x10 #define CO_FAST_LOCAL 0x20 #define CO_FAST_CELL 0x40 #define CO_FAST_FREE 0x80 typedef unsigned char _PyLocals_Kind; static inline _PyLocals_Kind _PyLocals_GetKind(PyObject *kinds, int i) { assert(PyBytes_Check(kinds)); assert(0 <= i && i < PyBytes_GET_SIZE(kinds)); char *ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(kinds); return (_PyLocals_Kind)(ptr[i]); } static inline void _PyLocals_SetKind(PyObject *kinds, int i, _PyLocals_Kind kind) { assert(PyBytes_Check(kinds)); assert(0 <= i && i < PyBytes_GET_SIZE(kinds)); char *ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(kinds); ptr[i] = (char) kind; } struct _PyCodeConstructor { /* metadata */ PyObject *filename; PyObject *name; PyObject *qualname; int flags; /* the code */ PyObject *code; int firstlineno; PyObject *linetable; /* used by the code */ PyObject *consts; PyObject *names; /* mapping frame offsets to information */ PyObject *localsplusnames; // Tuple of strings PyObject *localspluskinds; // Bytes object, one byte per variable /* args (within varnames) */ int argcount; int posonlyargcount; // XXX Replace argcount with posorkwargcount (argcount - posonlyargcount). int kwonlyargcount; /* needed to create the frame */ int stacksize; /* used by the eval loop */ PyObject *exceptiontable; }; // Using an "arguments struct" like this is helpful for maintainability // in a case such as this with many parameters. It does bear a risk: // if the struct changes and callers are not updated properly then the // compiler will not catch problems (like a missing argument). This can // cause hard-to-debug problems. The risk is mitigated by the use of // check_code() in codeobject.c. However, we may decide to switch // back to a regular function signature. Regardless, this approach // wouldn't be appropriate if this weren't a strictly internal API. // (See the comments in https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/26258.) PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_Validate(struct _PyCodeConstructor *); PyAPI_FUNC(PyCodeObject *) _PyCode_New(struct _PyCodeConstructor *); /* Private API */ /* Getters for internal PyCodeObject data. */ extern PyObject* _PyCode_GetVarnames(PyCodeObject *); extern PyObject* _PyCode_GetCellvars(PyCodeObject *); extern PyObject* _PyCode_GetFreevars(PyCodeObject *); extern PyObject* _PyCode_GetCode(PyCodeObject *); /** API for initializing the line number tables. */ extern int _PyCode_InitAddressRange(PyCodeObject* co, PyCodeAddressRange *bounds); /** Out of process API for initializing the location table. */ extern void _PyLineTable_InitAddressRange( const char *linetable, Py_ssize_t length, int firstlineno, PyCodeAddressRange *range); /** API for traversing the line number table. */ extern int _PyLineTable_NextAddressRange(PyCodeAddressRange *range); extern int _PyLineTable_PreviousAddressRange(PyCodeAddressRange *range); /* Specialization functions */ extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(PyObject *global_super, PyObject *cls, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int load_method); extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name); extern void _Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name); extern void _Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(PyObject *globals, PyObject *builtins, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name); extern void _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(PyObject *sub, PyObject *container, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr); extern void _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(PyObject *container, PyObject *sub, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr); extern void _Py_Specialize_Call(PyObject *callable, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int nargs, PyObject *kwnames); extern void _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg, PyObject **locals); extern void _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg); extern void _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(PyObject *seq, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg); extern void _Py_Specialize_ForIter(PyObject *iter, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, int oparg); extern void _Py_Specialize_Send(PyObject *receiver, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr); /* Finalizer function for static codeobjects used in deepfreeze.py */ extern void _PyStaticCode_Fini(PyCodeObject *co); /* Function to intern strings of codeobjects and quicken the bytecode */ extern int _PyStaticCode_Init(PyCodeObject *co); #ifdef Py_STATS #define STAT_INC(opname, name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].specialization.name++; } while (0) #define STAT_DEC(opname, name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].specialization.name--; } while (0) #define OPCODE_EXE_INC(opname) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].execution_count++; } while (0) #define CALL_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->call_stats.name++; } while (0) #define OBJECT_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->object_stats.name++; } while (0) #define OBJECT_STAT_INC_COND(name, cond) \ do { if (_py_stats && cond) _py_stats->object_stats.name++; } while (0) #define EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_py_stats) _py_stats->call_stats.eval_calls[name]++; } while (0) #define EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC_IF_FUNCTION(name, callable) \ do { if (_py_stats && PyFunction_Check(callable)) _py_stats->call_stats.eval_calls[name]++; } while (0) // Used by the _opcode extension which is built as a shared library PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _Py_GetSpecializationStats(void); #else #define STAT_INC(opname, name) ((void)0) #define STAT_DEC(opname, name) ((void)0) #define OPCODE_EXE_INC(opname) ((void)0) #define CALL_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0) #define OBJECT_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0) #define OBJECT_STAT_INC_COND(name, cond) ((void)0) #define EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0) #define EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC_IF_FUNCTION(name, callable) ((void)0) #endif // !Py_STATS // Utility functions for reading/writing 32/64-bit values in the inline caches. // Great care should be taken to ensure that these functions remain correct and // performant! They should compile to just "move" instructions on all supported // compilers and platforms. // We use memcpy to let the C compiler handle unaligned accesses and endianness // issues for us. It also seems to produce better code than manual copying for // most compilers (see https://blog.regehr.org/archives/959 for more info). static inline void write_u32(uint16_t *p, uint32_t val) { memcpy(p, &val, sizeof(val)); } static inline void write_u64(uint16_t *p, uint64_t val) { memcpy(p, &val, sizeof(val)); } static inline void write_obj(uint16_t *p, PyObject *val) { memcpy(p, &val, sizeof(val)); } static inline uint16_t read_u16(uint16_t *p) { return *p; } static inline uint32_t read_u32(uint16_t *p) { uint32_t val; memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val)); return val; } static inline uint64_t read_u64(uint16_t *p) { uint64_t val; memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val)); return val; } static inline PyObject * read_obj(uint16_t *p) { PyObject *val; memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val)); return val; } /* See Objects/exception_handling_notes.txt for details. */ static inline unsigned char * parse_varint(unsigned char *p, int *result) { int val = p[0] & 63; while (p[0] & 64) { p++; val = (val << 6) | (p[0] & 63); } *result = val; return p+1; } static inline int write_varint(uint8_t *ptr, unsigned int val) { int written = 1; while (val >= 64) { *ptr++ = 64 | (val & 63); val >>= 6; written++; } *ptr = (uint8_t)val; return written; } static inline int write_signed_varint(uint8_t *ptr, int val) { unsigned int uval; if (val < 0) { // (unsigned int)(-val) has an undefined behavior for INT_MIN uval = ((0 - (unsigned int)val) << 1) | 1; } else { uval = (unsigned int)val << 1; } return write_varint(ptr, uval); } static inline int write_location_entry_start(uint8_t *ptr, int code, int length) { assert((code & 15) == code); *ptr = 128 | (uint8_t)(code << 3) | (uint8_t)(length - 1); return 1; } /** Counters * The first 16-bit value in each inline cache is a counter. * When counting misses, the counter is treated as a simple unsigned value. * * When counting executions until the next specialization attempt, * exponential backoff is used to reduce the number of specialization failures. * The high 12 bits store the counter, the low 4 bits store the backoff exponent. * On a specialization failure, the backoff exponent is incremented and the * counter set to (2**backoff - 1). * Backoff == 6 -> starting counter == 63, backoff == 10 -> starting counter == 1023. */ /* With a 16-bit counter, we have 12 bits for the counter value, and 4 bits for the backoff */ #define ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS 4 // A value of 1 means that we attempt to specialize the *second* time each // instruction is executed. Executing twice is a much better indicator of // "hotness" than executing once, but additional warmup delays only prevent // specialization. Most types stabilize by the second execution, too: #define ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_VALUE 1 #define ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_BACKOFF 1 // A value of 52 means that we attempt to re-specialize after 53 misses (a prime // number, useful for avoiding artifacts if every nth value is a different type // or something). Setting the backoff to 0 means that the counter is reset to // the same state as a warming-up instruction (value == 1, backoff == 1) after // deoptimization. This isn't strictly necessary, but it is bit easier to reason // about when thinking about the opcode transitions as a state machine: #define ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_VALUE 52 #define ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_BACKOFF 0 #define MAX_BACKOFF_VALUE (16 - ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS) static inline uint16_t adaptive_counter_bits(uint16_t value, uint16_t backoff) { return ((value << ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS) | (backoff & ((1 << ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS) - 1))); } static inline uint16_t adaptive_counter_warmup(void) { return adaptive_counter_bits(ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_VALUE, ADAPTIVE_WARMUP_BACKOFF); } static inline uint16_t adaptive_counter_cooldown(void) { return adaptive_counter_bits(ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_VALUE, ADAPTIVE_COOLDOWN_BACKOFF); } static inline uint16_t adaptive_counter_backoff(uint16_t counter) { uint16_t backoff = counter & ((1 << ADAPTIVE_BACKOFF_BITS) - 1); backoff++; if (backoff > MAX_BACKOFF_VALUE) { backoff = MAX_BACKOFF_VALUE; } uint16_t value = (uint16_t)(1 << backoff) - 1; return adaptive_counter_bits(value, backoff); } /* Line array cache for tracing */ typedef struct _PyShimCodeDef { const uint8_t *code; int codelen; int stacksize; const char *cname; } _PyShimCodeDef; extern PyCodeObject * _Py_MakeShimCode(const _PyShimCodeDef *code); extern uint32_t _Py_next_func_version; /* Comparison bit masks. */ /* Note this evaluates its arguments twice each */ #define COMPARISON_BIT(x, y) (1 << (2 * ((x) >= (y)) + ((x) <= (y)))) /* * The following bits are chosen so that the value of * COMPARSION_BIT(left, right) * masked by the values below will be non-zero if the * comparison is true, and zero if it is false */ /* This is for values that are unordered, ie. NaN, not types that are unordered, e.g. sets */ #define COMPARISON_UNORDERED 1 #define COMPARISON_LESS_THAN 2 #define COMPARISON_GREATER_THAN 4 #define COMPARISON_EQUALS 8 #define COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS (COMPARISON_UNORDERED | COMPARISON_LESS_THAN | COMPARISON_GREATER_THAN) extern int _Py_Instrument(PyCodeObject *co, PyInterpreterState *interp); extern int _Py_GetBaseOpcode(PyCodeObject *code, int offset); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* !Py_INTERNAL_CODE_H */
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