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# -*- mode: perl -*- # ============================================================================ package Net::SNMP::Dispatcher; # $Id: Dispatcher.pm,v 4.1 2010/09/10 00:01:22 dtown Rel $ # Object that dispatches SNMP messages and handles the scheduling of events. # Copyright (c) 2001-2010 David M. Town <dtown@cpan.org> # All rights reserved. # This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it # under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. # ============================================================================ use strict; use Errno; use Net::SNMP::MessageProcessing(); use Net::SNMP::Message qw( TRUE FALSE ); ## Version of the Net::SNMP::Dispatcher module our $VERSION = v4.0.1; ## Package variables our $INSTANCE; # Reference to our Singleton object our $DEBUG = FALSE; # Debug flag our $MESSAGE_PROCESSING; # Reference to the Message Processing object ## Event array indexes sub _ACTIVE { 0 } # State of the event sub _TIME { 1 } # Execution time sub _CALLBACK { 2 } # Callback reference sub _PREVIOUS { 3 } # Previous event sub _NEXT { 4 } # Next event BEGIN { # Use a higher resolution of time() and possibly a monotonically # increasing time value if the Time::HiRes module is available. if (eval 'require Time::HiRes') { Time::HiRes->import('time'); no warnings; if (eval 'Time::HiRes::clock_gettime(Time::HiRes::CLOCK_MONOTONIC())' > 0) { *time = sub () { Time::HiRes::clock_gettime(Time::HiRes::CLOCK_MONOTONIC()); }; } } # Validate the creation of the Message Processing object. if (!defined($MESSAGE_PROCESSING = Net::SNMP::MessageProcessing->instance())) { die 'FATAL: Failed to create Message Processing instance'; } } # [public methods] ----------------------------------------------------------- sub instance { return $INSTANCE ||= Net::SNMP::Dispatcher->_new(); } sub loop { my ($this) = @_; return TRUE if ($this->{_active}); $this->{_active} = TRUE; # Process while there are events and file descriptor handlers. while (defined $this->{_event_queue_h} || keys %{$this->{_descriptors}}) { $this->_event_handle(undef); } return $this->{_active} = FALSE; } sub one_event { my ($this) = @_; return TRUE if ($this->{_active}); if (defined $this->{_event_queue_h} || keys %{$this->{_descriptors}}) { $this->{_active} = TRUE; $this->_event_handle(0); $this->{_active} = FALSE; } return (defined $this->{_event_queue_h} || keys %{$this->{_descriptors}}); } sub activate { goto &loop; } sub listen { goto &loop; } sub send_pdu { my ($this, $pdu, $delay) = @_; # Clear any previous errors $this->_error_clear(); if ((@_ < 2) || !ref $pdu) { return $this->_error('The required PDU object is missing or invalid'); } # If the Dispatcher is active and the delay value is negative, # send the message immediately. if ($delay < 0) { if ($this->{_active}) { return $this->_send_pdu($pdu, $pdu->retries()); } $delay = 0; } $this->schedule($delay, [\&_send_pdu, $pdu, $pdu->retries()]); return TRUE; } sub return_response_pdu { my ($this, $pdu) = @_; return $this->send_pdu($pdu, -1); } sub msg_handle_alloc { return $MESSAGE_PROCESSING->msg_handle_alloc(); } sub schedule { my ($this, $time, $callback) = @_; return $this->_event_create($time, $this->_callback_create($callback)); } sub cancel { my ($this, $event) = @_; return $this->_event_delete($event); } sub register { my ($this, $transport, $callback) = @_; # Transport Domain and file descriptor must be valid. my $fileno; if (!defined($transport) || !defined($fileno = $transport->fileno())) { return $this->_error('The Transport Domain object is invalid'); } # NOTE: The callback must read the data associated with the # file descriptor or the Dispatcher will continuously # call the callback and get stuck in an infinite loop. if (!exists $this->{_descriptors}->{$fileno}) { # Make sure that the "readable" vector is defined. if (!defined $this->{_rin}) { $this->{_rin} = q{}; } # Add the file descriptor to the list. $this->{_descriptors}->{$fileno} = [ $this->_callback_create($callback), # Callback $transport, # Transport Domain object 1 # Reference count ]; # Add the file descriptor to the "readable" vector. vec($this->{_rin}, $fileno, 1) = 1; DEBUG_INFO('added handler for descriptor [%d]', $fileno); } else { # Bump up the reference count. $this->{_descriptors}->{$fileno}->[2]++; } return $transport; } sub deregister { my ($this, $transport) = @_; # Transport Domain and file descriptor must be valid. my $fileno; if (!defined($transport) || !defined($fileno = $transport->fileno())) { return $this->_error('The Transport Domain object is invalid'); } if (exists $this->{_descriptors}->{$fileno}) { # Check reference count. if (--$this->{_descriptors}->{$fileno}->[2] < 1) { # Remove the file descriptor from the list. delete $this->{_descriptors}->{$fileno}; # Remove the file descriptor from the "readable" vector. vec($this->{_rin}, $fileno, 1) = 0; # Undefine the vector if there are no file descriptors, # some systems expect this to make select() work properly. if (!keys %{$this->{_descriptors}}) { $this->{_rin} = undef; } DEBUG_INFO('removed handler for descriptor [%d]', $fileno); } } else { return $this->_error('The Transport Domain object is not registered'); } return $transport; } sub error { return $_[0]->{_error} || q{}; } sub debug { return (@_ == 2) ? $DEBUG = ($_[1]) ? TRUE : FALSE : $DEBUG; } # [private methods] ---------------------------------------------------------- sub _new { my ($class) = @_; # The constructor is private since we only want one # Dispatcher object. return bless { '_active' => FALSE, # State of this Dispatcher object '_error' => undef, # Error message '_event_queue_h' => undef, # Head of the event queue '_event_queue_t' => undef, # Tail of the event queue '_rin' => undef, # Readable vector for select() '_descriptors' => {}, # List of file descriptors to monitor }, $class; } sub _send_pdu { my ($this, $pdu, $retries) = @_; # Pass the PDU to Message Processing so that it can # create the new outgoing message. my $msg = $MESSAGE_PROCESSING->prepare_outgoing_msg($pdu); if (!defined $msg) { # Inform the command generator about the Message Processing error. $pdu->status_information($MESSAGE_PROCESSING->error()); return; } # Actually send the message. if (!defined $msg->send()) { # Delete the msgHandle. if ($pdu->expect_response()) { $MESSAGE_PROCESSING->msg_handle_delete($msg->msg_id()); } # A crude attempt to recover from temporary failures. if (($retries-- > 0) && ($!{EAGAIN} || $!{EWOULDBLOCK})) { DEBUG_INFO('attempting recovery from temporary failure'); $this->schedule($pdu->timeout(), [\&_send_pdu, $pdu, $retries]); return FALSE; } # Inform the command generator about the send() error. $pdu->status_information($msg->error()); return; } # Schedule the timeout handler if the message expects a response. if ($pdu->expect_response()) { $this->register($msg->transport(), [\&_transport_response_received]); $msg->timeout_id( $this->schedule( $pdu->timeout(), [\&_transport_timeout, $pdu, $retries, $msg->msg_id()] ) ); } return TRUE; } sub _transport_timeout { my ($this, $pdu, $retries, $handle) = @_; # Stop waiting for responses. $this->deregister($pdu->transport()); # Delete the msgHandle. $MESSAGE_PROCESSING->msg_handle_delete($handle); if ($retries-- > 0) { # Resend a new message. DEBUG_INFO('retries left %d', $retries); return $this->_send_pdu($pdu, $retries); } else { # Inform the command generator about the timeout. $pdu->status_information( q{No response from remote host "%s"}, $pdu->hostname() ); return; } } sub _transport_response_received { my ($this, $transport) = @_; # Clear any previous errors $this->_error_clear(); if (!ref $transport) { die 'FATAL: The Transport Domain object is invalid'; } # Create a new Message object to receive the response my ($msg, $error) = Net::SNMP::Message->new(-transport => $transport); if (!defined $msg) { die sprintf 'Failed to create Message object: %s', $error; } # Read the message from the Transport Layer if (!defined $msg->recv()) { if (!$transport->connectionless()) { $this->deregister($transport); } return $this->_error($msg->error()); } # For connection-oriented Transport Domains, it is possible to # "recv" an empty buffer if reassembly is required. if (!$msg->length()) { DEBUG_INFO('ignoring zero length message'); return FALSE; } # Hand the message over to Message Processing. if (!defined $MESSAGE_PROCESSING->prepare_data_elements($msg)) { return $this->_error($MESSAGE_PROCESSING->error()); } # Set the error if applicable. if ($MESSAGE_PROCESSING->error()) { $msg->error($MESSAGE_PROCESSING->error()); } # Cancel the timeout. $this->cancel($msg->timeout_id()); # Stop waiting for responses. $this->deregister($transport); # Notify the command generator to process the response. return $msg->process_response_pdu(); } sub _event_create { my ($this, $time, $callback) = @_; # Create a new event anonymous array and add it to the queue. # The event is initialized based on the currrent state of the # Dispatcher object. If the Dispatcher is not currently running # the event needs to be created such that it will get properly # initialized when the Dispatcher is started. return $this->_event_insert( [ $this->{_active}, # State of the object $this->{_active} ? time() + $time : $time, # Execution time $callback, # Callback reference undef, # Previous event undef, # Next event ] ); } sub _event_insert { my ($this, $event) = @_; # If the head of the list is not defined, we _must_ be the only # entry in the list, so create a new head and tail reference. if (!defined $this->{_event_queue_h}) { DEBUG_INFO('created new head and tail [%s]', $event); return $this->{_event_queue_h} = $this->{_event_queue_t} = $event; } # Estimate the midpoint of the list by calculating the average of # the time associated with the head and tail of the list. Based # on this value either start at the head or tail of the list to # search for an insertion point for the new Event. my $midpoint = (($this->{_event_queue_h}->[_TIME] + $this->{_event_queue_t}->[_TIME]) / 2); if ($event->[_TIME] >= $midpoint) { # Search backwards from the tail of the list for (my $e = $this->{_event_queue_t}; defined $e; $e = $e->[_PREVIOUS]) { if ($e->[_TIME] <= $event->[_TIME]) { $event->[_PREVIOUS] = $e; $event->[_NEXT] = $e->[_NEXT]; if ($e eq $this->{_event_queue_t}) { DEBUG_INFO('modified tail [%s]', $event); $this->{_event_queue_t} = $event; } else { DEBUG_INFO('inserted [%s] into list', $event); $e->[_NEXT]->[_PREVIOUS] = $event; } return $e->[_NEXT] = $event; } } DEBUG_INFO('added [%s] to head of list', $event); $event->[_NEXT] = $this->{_event_queue_h}; $this->{_event_queue_h} = $this->{_event_queue_h}->[_PREVIOUS] = $event; } else { # Search forward from the head of the list for (my $e = $this->{_event_queue_h}; defined $e; $e = $e->[_NEXT]) { if ($e->[_TIME] > $event->[_TIME]) { $event->[_NEXT] = $e; $event->[_PREVIOUS] = $e->[_PREVIOUS]; if ($e eq $this->{_event_queue_h}) { DEBUG_INFO('modified head [%s]', $event); $this->{_event_queue_h} = $event; } else { DEBUG_INFO('inserted [%s] into list', $event); $e->[_PREVIOUS]->[_NEXT] = $event; } return $e->[_PREVIOUS] = $event; } } DEBUG_INFO('added [%s] to tail of list', $event); $event->[_PREVIOUS] = $this->{_event_queue_t}; $this->{_event_queue_t} = $this->{_event_queue_t}->[_NEXT] = $event; } return $event; } sub _event_delete { my ($this, $event) = @_; my $info = q{}; # Update the previous event if (defined $event->[_PREVIOUS]) { $event->[_PREVIOUS]->[_NEXT] = $event->[_NEXT]; } elsif ($event eq $this->{_event_queue_h}) { if (defined ($this->{_event_queue_h} = $event->[_NEXT])) { $info = sprintf ', defined new head [%s]', $event->[_NEXT]; } else { DEBUG_INFO('deleted [%s], list is now empty', $event); $this->{_event_queue_t} = undef @{$event}; return FALSE; # Indicate queue is empty } } else { die 'FATAL: Attempted to delete Event object with an invalid head'; } # Update the next event if (defined $event->[_NEXT]) { $event->[_NEXT]->[_PREVIOUS] = $event->[_PREVIOUS]; } elsif ($event eq $this->{_event_queue_t}) { $info .= sprintf ', defined new tail [%s]', $event->[_PREVIOUS]; $this->{_event_queue_t} = $event->[_PREVIOUS]; } else { die 'FATAL: Attempted to delete Event object with an invalid tail'; } DEBUG_INFO('deleted [%s]%s', $event, $info); undef @{$event}; # Indicate queue still has entries return TRUE; } sub _event_init { my ($this, $event) = @_; DEBUG_INFO('initializing event [%s]', $event); # Save the time and callback because they will be cleared. my ($time, $callback) = @{$event}[_TIME, _CALLBACK]; # Remove the event from the queue. $this->_event_delete($event); # Update the appropriate fields. $event->[_ACTIVE] = $this->{_active}; $event->[_TIME] = $this->{_active} ? time() + $time : $time; $event->[_CALLBACK] = $callback; # Insert the event back into the queue. $this->_event_insert($event); return TRUE; } sub _event_handle { my ($this, $timeout) = @_; my $time = time(); if (defined (my $event = $this->{_event_queue_h})) { # If the event was inserted with a non-zero delay while the # Dispatcher was not active, the scheduled time of the event # needs to be updated. if (!$event->[_ACTIVE] && $event->[_TIME]) { return $this->_event_init($event); } if ($event->[_TIME] <= $time) { # If the scheduled time of the event is past, execute it and # set the timeout to zero to poll the descriptors immediately. $this->_callback_execute($event->[_CALLBACK]); $this->_event_delete($event); $timeout = 0; } elsif (!defined $timeout) { # Calculate the timeout for the next event unless one was # specified by the caller. $timeout = $event->[_TIME] - $time; DEBUG_INFO('event [%s], timeout = %.04f', $event, $timeout); } } # Check the file descriptors for activity. my $nfound = select(my $rout = $this->{_rin}, undef, undef, $timeout); if (!defined $nfound || $nfound < 0) { if ($!{EINTR}) { # Recoverable error return FALSE; } else { die sprintf 'FATAL: select() error: %s', $!; } } elsif ($nfound > 0) { # Find out which file descriptors have data ready for reading. if (defined $rout) { for (keys %{$this->{_descriptors}}) { if (vec $rout, $_, 1) { DEBUG_INFO('descriptor [%d] ready for read', $_); $this->_callback_execute(@{$this->{_descriptors}->{$_}}[0,1]); } } } } return TRUE; } sub _callback_create { my ($this, $callback) = @_; # Callbacks can be passed in two different ways. If the callback # has options, the callback must be passed as an ARRAY reference # with the first element being a CODE reference and the remaining # elements the arguments. If the callback has no options it is # just passed as a CODE reference. if ((ref($callback) eq 'ARRAY') && (ref($callback->[0]) eq 'CODE')) { return $callback; } elsif (ref($callback) eq 'CODE') { return [$callback]; } else { return []; } } sub _callback_execute { my ($this, @argv) = @_; # The callback is invoked passing a reference to this object # with the parameters passed by the user next and then any # parameters that the caller provides. my ($callback, @user_argv) = @{shift @argv}; # Protect ourselves from user error. eval { $callback->($this, @user_argv, @argv); }; return ($@) ? $this->_error($@) : TRUE; } sub _error { my $this = shift; if (!defined $this->{_error}) { $this->{_error} = (@_ > 1) ? sprintf(shift(@_), @_) : $_[0]; if ($this->debug()) { printf "error: [%d] %s(): %s\n", (caller 0)[2], (caller 1)[3], $this->{_error}; } } return; } sub _error_clear { return $_[0]->{_error} = undef; } sub DEBUG_INFO { return $DEBUG if (!$DEBUG); return printf sprintf('debug: [%d] %s(): ', (caller 0)[2], (caller 1)[3]) . ((@_ > 1) ? shift(@_) : '%s') . "\n", @_; } # ============================================================================ 1; # [end Net::SNMP::Dispatcher]
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