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# frozen_string_literal: true # # tempfile - manipulates temporary files # # $Id$ # require 'delegate' require 'tmpdir' # A utility class for managing temporary files. When you create a Tempfile # object, it will create a temporary file with a unique filename. A Tempfile # objects behaves just like a File object, and you can perform all the usual # file operations on it: reading data, writing data, changing its permissions, # etc. So although this class does not explicitly document all instance methods # supported by File, you can in fact call any File instance method on a # Tempfile object. # # == Synopsis # # require 'tempfile' # # file = Tempfile.new('foo') # file.path # => A unique filename in the OS's temp directory, # # e.g.: "/tmp/foo.24722.0" # # This filename contains 'foo' in its basename. # file.write("hello world") # file.rewind # file.read # => "hello world" # file.close # file.unlink # deletes the temp file # # == Good practices # # === Explicit close # # When a Tempfile object is garbage collected, or when the Ruby interpreter # exits, its associated temporary file is automatically deleted. This means # that it's unnecessary to explicitly delete a Tempfile after use, though # it's a good practice to do so: not explicitly deleting unused Tempfiles can # potentially leave behind a large number of temp files on the filesystem # until they're garbage collected. The existence of these temp files can make # it harder to determine a new Tempfile filename. # # Therefore, one should always call #unlink or close in an ensure block, like # this: # # file = Tempfile.new('foo') # begin # # ...do something with file... # ensure # file.close # file.unlink # deletes the temp file # end # # Tempfile.create { ... } exists for this purpose and is more convenient to use. # Note that Tempfile.create returns a File instance instead of a Tempfile, which # also avoids the overhead and complications of delegation. # # Tempfile.open('foo') do |file| # # ...do something with file... # end # # === Unlink after creation # # On POSIX systems, it's possible to unlink a file right after creating it, # and before closing it. This removes the filesystem entry without closing # the file handle, so it ensures that only the processes that already had # the file handle open can access the file's contents. It's strongly # recommended that you do this if you do not want any other processes to # be able to read from or write to the Tempfile, and you do not need to # know the Tempfile's filename either. # # For example, a practical use case for unlink-after-creation would be this: # you need a large byte buffer that's too large to comfortably fit in RAM, # e.g. when you're writing a web server and you want to buffer the client's # file upload data. # # Please refer to #unlink for more information and a code example. # # == Minor notes # # Tempfile's filename picking method is both thread-safe and inter-process-safe: # it guarantees that no other threads or processes will pick the same filename. # # Tempfile itself however may not be entirely thread-safe. If you access the # same Tempfile object from multiple threads then you should protect it with a # mutex. class Tempfile < DelegateClass(File) # Creates a file in the underlying file system; # returns a new \Tempfile object based on that file. # # If possible, consider instead using Tempfile.create, which: # # - Avoids the performance cost of delegation, # incurred when Tempfile.new calls its superclass <tt>DelegateClass(File)</tt>. # - Does not rely on a finalizer to close and unlink the file, # which can be unreliable. # # Creates and returns file whose: # # - Class is \Tempfile (not \File, as in Tempfile.create). # - Directory is the system temporary directory (system-dependent). # - Generated filename is unique in that directory. # - Permissions are <tt>0600</tt>; # see {File Permissions}[rdoc-ref:File@File+Permissions]. # - Mode is <tt>'w+'</tt> (read/write mode, positioned at the end). # # The underlying file is removed when the \Tempfile object dies # and is reclaimed by the garbage collector. # # Example: # # f = Tempfile.new # => #<Tempfile:/tmp/20220505-17839-1s0kt30> # f.class # => Tempfile # f.path # => "/tmp/20220505-17839-1s0kt30" # f.stat.mode.to_s(8) # => "100600" # File.exist?(f.path) # => true # File.unlink(f.path) # # File.exist?(f.path) # => false # # Argument +basename+, if given, may be one of: # # - A string: the generated filename begins with +basename+: # # Tempfile.new('foo') # => #<Tempfile:/tmp/foo20220505-17839-1whk2f> # # - An array of two strings <tt>[prefix, suffix]</tt>: # the generated filename begins with +prefix+ and ends with +suffix+: # # Tempfile.new(%w/foo .jpg/) # => #<Tempfile:/tmp/foo20220505-17839-58xtfi.jpg> # # With arguments +basename+ and +tmpdir+, the file is created in directory +tmpdir+: # # Tempfile.new('foo', '.') # => #<Tempfile:./foo20220505-17839-xfstr8> # # Keyword arguments +mode+ and +options+ are passed directly to method # {File.open}[rdoc-ref:File.open]: # # - The value given with +mode+ must be an integer, # and may be expressed as the logical OR of constants defined in # {File::Constants}[rdoc-ref:File::Constants]. # - For +options+, see {Open Options}[rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options]. # # Related: Tempfile.create. # def initialize(basename="", tmpdir=nil, mode: 0, **options) warn "Tempfile.new doesn't call the given block.", uplevel: 1 if block_given? @unlinked = false @mode = mode|File::RDWR|File::CREAT|File::EXCL ::Dir::Tmpname.create(basename, tmpdir, **options) do |tmpname, n, opts| opts[:perm] = 0600 @tmpfile = File.open(tmpname, @mode, **opts) @opts = opts.freeze end ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, Remover.new(@tmpfile)) super(@tmpfile) end # Opens or reopens the file with mode "r+". def open _close mode = @mode & ~(File::CREAT|File::EXCL) @tmpfile = File.open(@tmpfile.path, mode, **@opts) __setobj__(@tmpfile) end def _close # :nodoc: @tmpfile.close end protected :_close # Closes the file. If +unlink_now+ is true, then the file will be unlinked # (deleted) after closing. Of course, you can choose to later call #unlink # if you do not unlink it now. # # If you don't explicitly unlink the temporary file, the removal # will be delayed until the object is finalized. def close(unlink_now=false) _close unlink if unlink_now end # Closes and unlinks (deletes) the file. Has the same effect as called # <tt>close(true)</tt>. def close! close(true) end # Unlinks (deletes) the file from the filesystem. One should always unlink # the file after using it, as is explained in the "Explicit close" good # practice section in the Tempfile overview: # # file = Tempfile.new('foo') # begin # # ...do something with file... # ensure # file.close # file.unlink # deletes the temp file # end # # === Unlink-before-close # # On POSIX systems it's possible to unlink a file before closing it. This # practice is explained in detail in the Tempfile overview (section # "Unlink after creation"); please refer there for more information. # # However, unlink-before-close may not be supported on non-POSIX operating # systems. Microsoft Windows is the most notable case: unlinking a non-closed # file will result in an error, which this method will silently ignore. If # you want to practice unlink-before-close whenever possible, then you should # write code like this: # # file = Tempfile.new('foo') # file.unlink # On Windows this silently fails. # begin # # ... do something with file ... # ensure # file.close! # Closes the file handle. If the file wasn't unlinked # # because #unlink failed, then this method will attempt # # to do so again. # end def unlink return if @unlinked begin File.unlink(@tmpfile.path) rescue Errno::ENOENT rescue Errno::EACCES # may not be able to unlink on Windows; just ignore return end ObjectSpace.undefine_finalizer(self) @unlinked = true end alias delete unlink # Returns the full path name of the temporary file. # This will be nil if #unlink has been called. def path @unlinked ? nil : @tmpfile.path end # Returns the size of the temporary file. As a side effect, the IO # buffer is flushed before determining the size. def size if !@tmpfile.closed? @tmpfile.size # File#size calls rb_io_flush_raw() else File.size(@tmpfile.path) end end alias length size # :stopdoc: def inspect if @tmpfile.closed? "#<#{self.class}:#{path} (closed)>" else "#<#{self.class}:#{path}>" end end class Remover # :nodoc: def initialize(tmpfile) @pid = Process.pid @tmpfile = tmpfile end def call(*args) return if @pid != Process.pid $stderr.puts "removing #{@tmpfile.path}..." if $DEBUG @tmpfile.close begin File.unlink(@tmpfile.path) rescue Errno::ENOENT end $stderr.puts "done" if $DEBUG end end class << self # :startdoc: # Creates a new Tempfile. # # This method is not recommended and exists mostly for backward compatibility. # Please use Tempfile.create instead, which avoids the cost of delegation, # does not rely on a finalizer, and also unlinks the file when given a block. # # Tempfile.open is still appropriate if you need the Tempfile to be unlinked # by a finalizer and you cannot explicitly know where in the program the # Tempfile can be unlinked safely. # # If no block is given, this is a synonym for Tempfile.new. # # If a block is given, then a Tempfile object will be constructed, # and the block is run with the Tempfile object as argument. The Tempfile # object will be automatically closed after the block terminates. # However, the file will *not* be unlinked and needs to be manually unlinked # with Tempfile#close! or Tempfile#unlink. The finalizer will try to unlink # but should not be relied upon as it can keep the file on the disk much # longer than intended. For instance, on CRuby, finalizers can be delayed # due to conservative stack scanning and references left in unused memory. # # The call returns the value of the block. # # In any case, all arguments (<code>*args</code>) will be passed to Tempfile.new. # # Tempfile.open('foo', '/home/temp') do |f| # # ... do something with f ... # end # # # Equivalent: # f = Tempfile.open('foo', '/home/temp') # begin # # ... do something with f ... # ensure # f.close # end def open(*args, **kw) tempfile = new(*args, **kw) if block_given? begin yield(tempfile) ensure tempfile.close end else tempfile end end end end # Creates a file in the underlying file system; # returns a new \File object based on that file. # # With no block given and no arguments, creates and returns file whose: # # - Class is {File}[rdoc-ref:File] (not \Tempfile). # - Directory is the system temporary directory (system-dependent). # - Generated filename is unique in that directory. # - Permissions are <tt>0600</tt>; # see {File Permissions}[rdoc-ref:File@File+Permissions]. # - Mode is <tt>'w+'</tt> (read/write mode, positioned at the end). # # With no block, the file is not removed automatically, # and so should be explicitly removed. # # Example: # # f = Tempfile.create # => #<File:/tmp/20220505-9795-17ky6f6> # f.class # => File # f.path # => "/tmp/20220505-9795-17ky6f6" # f.stat.mode.to_s(8) # => "100600" # File.exist?(f.path) # => true # File.unlink(f.path) # File.exist?(f.path) # => false # # Argument +basename+, if given, may be one of: # # - A string: the generated filename begins with +basename+: # # Tempfile.create('foo') # => #<File:/tmp/foo20220505-9795-1gok8l9> # # - An array of two strings <tt>[prefix, suffix]</tt>: # the generated filename begins with +prefix+ and ends with +suffix+: # # Tempfile.create(%w/foo .jpg/) # => #<File:/tmp/foo20220505-17839-tnjchh.jpg> # # With arguments +basename+ and +tmpdir+, the file is created in directory +tmpdir+: # # Tempfile.create('foo', '.') # => #<File:./foo20220505-9795-1emu6g8> # # Keyword arguments +mode+ and +options+ are passed directly to method # {File.open}[rdoc-ref:File.open]: # # - The value given with +mode+ must be an integer, # and may be expressed as the logical OR of constants defined in # {File::Constants}[rdoc-ref:File::Constants]. # - For +options+, see {Open Options}[rdoc-ref:IO@Open+Options]. # # With a block given, creates the file as above, passes it to the block, # and returns the block's value; # before the return, the file object is closed and the underlying file is removed: # # Tempfile.create {|file| file.path } # => "/tmp/20220505-9795-rkists" # # Related: Tempfile.new. # def Tempfile.create(basename="", tmpdir=nil, mode: 0, **options) tmpfile = nil Dir::Tmpname.create(basename, tmpdir, **options) do |tmpname, n, opts| mode |= File::RDWR|File::CREAT|File::EXCL opts[:perm] = 0600 tmpfile = File.open(tmpname, mode, **opts) end if block_given? begin yield tmpfile ensure unless tmpfile.closed? if File.identical?(tmpfile, tmpfile.path) unlinked = File.unlink tmpfile.path rescue nil end tmpfile.close end unless unlinked begin File.unlink tmpfile.path rescue Errno::ENOENT end end end else tmpfile end end
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