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# Copyright (C) 2003-2007, 2009, 2011 Nominum, Inc. # # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its # documentation for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, # provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice # appear in all copies. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND NOMINUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES # WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF # MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL NOMINUM BE LIABLE FOR # ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES # WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN # ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT # OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. """Common DNSSEC-related functions and constants.""" from io import BytesIO import struct import time import dns.exception import dns.hash import dns.name import dns.node import dns.rdataset import dns.rdata import dns.rdatatype import dns.rdataclass from ._compat import string_types class UnsupportedAlgorithm(dns.exception.DNSException): """The DNSSEC algorithm is not supported.""" class ValidationFailure(dns.exception.DNSException): """The DNSSEC signature is invalid.""" RSAMD5 = 1 DH = 2 DSA = 3 ECC = 4 RSASHA1 = 5 DSANSEC3SHA1 = 6 RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1 = 7 RSASHA256 = 8 RSASHA512 = 10 ECDSAP256SHA256 = 13 ECDSAP384SHA384 = 14 INDIRECT = 252 PRIVATEDNS = 253 PRIVATEOID = 254 _algorithm_by_text = { 'RSAMD5': RSAMD5, 'DH': DH, 'DSA': DSA, 'ECC': ECC, 'RSASHA1': RSASHA1, 'DSANSEC3SHA1': DSANSEC3SHA1, 'RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1': RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1, 'RSASHA256': RSASHA256, 'RSASHA512': RSASHA512, 'INDIRECT': INDIRECT, 'ECDSAP256SHA256': ECDSAP256SHA256, 'ECDSAP384SHA384': ECDSAP384SHA384, 'PRIVATEDNS': PRIVATEDNS, 'PRIVATEOID': PRIVATEOID, } # We construct the inverse mapping programmatically to ensure that we # cannot make any mistakes (e.g. omissions, cut-and-paste errors) that # would cause the mapping not to be true inverse. _algorithm_by_value = dict((y, x) for x, y in _algorithm_by_text.items()) def algorithm_from_text(text): """Convert text into a DNSSEC algorithm value @rtype: int""" value = _algorithm_by_text.get(text.upper()) if value is None: value = int(text) return value def algorithm_to_text(value): """Convert a DNSSEC algorithm value to text @rtype: string""" text = _algorithm_by_value.get(value) if text is None: text = str(value) return text def _to_rdata(record, origin): s = BytesIO() record.to_wire(s, origin=origin) return s.getvalue() def key_id(key, origin=None): rdata = _to_rdata(key, origin) rdata = bytearray(rdata) if key.algorithm == RSAMD5: return (rdata[-3] << 8) + rdata[-2] else: total = 0 for i in range(len(rdata) // 2): total += (rdata[2 * i] << 8) + \ rdata[2 * i + 1] if len(rdata) % 2 != 0: total += rdata[len(rdata) - 1] << 8 total += ((total >> 16) & 0xffff) return total & 0xffff def make_ds(name, key, algorithm, origin=None): if algorithm.upper() == 'SHA1': dsalg = 1 hash = dns.hash.hashes['SHA1']() elif algorithm.upper() == 'SHA256': dsalg = 2 hash = dns.hash.hashes['SHA256']() else: raise UnsupportedAlgorithm('unsupported algorithm "%s"' % algorithm) if isinstance(name, string_types): name = dns.name.from_text(name, origin) hash.update(name.canonicalize().to_wire()) hash.update(_to_rdata(key, origin)) digest = hash.digest() dsrdata = struct.pack("!HBB", key_id(key), key.algorithm, dsalg) + digest return dns.rdata.from_wire(dns.rdataclass.IN, dns.rdatatype.DS, dsrdata, 0, len(dsrdata)) def _find_candidate_keys(keys, rrsig): candidate_keys = [] value = keys.get(rrsig.signer) if value is None: return None if isinstance(value, dns.node.Node): try: rdataset = value.find_rdataset(dns.rdataclass.IN, dns.rdatatype.DNSKEY) except KeyError: return None else: rdataset = value for rdata in rdataset: if rdata.algorithm == rrsig.algorithm and \ key_id(rdata) == rrsig.key_tag: candidate_keys.append(rdata) return candidate_keys def _is_rsa(algorithm): return algorithm in (RSAMD5, RSASHA1, RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1, RSASHA256, RSASHA512) def _is_dsa(algorithm): return algorithm in (DSA, DSANSEC3SHA1) def _is_ecdsa(algorithm): return _have_ecdsa and (algorithm in (ECDSAP256SHA256, ECDSAP384SHA384)) def _is_md5(algorithm): return algorithm == RSAMD5 def _is_sha1(algorithm): return algorithm in (DSA, RSASHA1, DSANSEC3SHA1, RSASHA1NSEC3SHA1) def _is_sha256(algorithm): return algorithm in (RSASHA256, ECDSAP256SHA256) def _is_sha384(algorithm): return algorithm == ECDSAP384SHA384 def _is_sha512(algorithm): return algorithm == RSASHA512 def _make_hash(algorithm): if _is_md5(algorithm): return dns.hash.hashes['MD5']() if _is_sha1(algorithm): return dns.hash.hashes['SHA1']() if _is_sha256(algorithm): return dns.hash.hashes['SHA256']() if _is_sha384(algorithm): return dns.hash.hashes['SHA384']() if _is_sha512(algorithm): return dns.hash.hashes['SHA512']() raise ValidationFailure('unknown hash for algorithm %u' % algorithm) def _make_algorithm_id(algorithm): if _is_md5(algorithm): oid = [0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x02, 0x05] elif _is_sha1(algorithm): oid = [0x2b, 0x0e, 0x03, 0x02, 0x1a] elif _is_sha256(algorithm): oid = [0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01] elif _is_sha512(algorithm): oid = [0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03] else: raise ValidationFailure('unknown algorithm %u' % algorithm) olen = len(oid) dlen = _make_hash(algorithm).digest_size idbytes = [0x30] + [8 + olen + dlen] + \ [0x30, olen + 4] + [0x06, olen] + oid + \ [0x05, 0x00] + [0x04, dlen] return struct.pack('!%dB' % len(idbytes), *idbytes) def _validate_rrsig(rrset, rrsig, keys, origin=None, now=None): """Validate an RRset against a single signature rdata The owner name of the rrsig is assumed to be the same as the owner name of the rrset. @param rrset: The RRset to validate @type rrset: dns.rrset.RRset or (dns.name.Name, dns.rdataset.Rdataset) tuple @param rrsig: The signature rdata @type rrsig: dns.rrset.Rdata @param keys: The key dictionary. @type keys: a dictionary keyed by dns.name.Name with node or rdataset values @param origin: The origin to use for relative names @type origin: dns.name.Name or None @param now: The time to use when validating the signatures. The default is the current time. @type now: int """ if isinstance(origin, string_types): origin = dns.name.from_text(origin, dns.name.root) for candidate_key in _find_candidate_keys(keys, rrsig): if not candidate_key: raise ValidationFailure('unknown key') # For convenience, allow the rrset to be specified as a (name, # rdataset) tuple as well as a proper rrset if isinstance(rrset, tuple): rrname = rrset[0] rdataset = rrset[1] else: rrname = rrset.name rdataset = rrset if now is None: now = time.time() if rrsig.expiration < now: raise ValidationFailure('expired') if rrsig.inception > now: raise ValidationFailure('not yet valid') hash = _make_hash(rrsig.algorithm) if _is_rsa(rrsig.algorithm): keyptr = candidate_key.key (bytes_,) = struct.unpack('!B', keyptr[0:1]) keyptr = keyptr[1:] if bytes_ == 0: (bytes_,) = struct.unpack('!H', keyptr[0:2]) keyptr = keyptr[2:] rsa_e = keyptr[0:bytes_] rsa_n = keyptr[bytes_:] keylen = len(rsa_n) * 8 pubkey = Crypto.PublicKey.RSA.construct( (Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(rsa_n), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(rsa_e))) sig = (Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(rrsig.signature),) elif _is_dsa(rrsig.algorithm): keyptr = candidate_key.key (t,) = struct.unpack('!B', keyptr[0:1]) keyptr = keyptr[1:] octets = 64 + t * 8 dsa_q = keyptr[0:20] keyptr = keyptr[20:] dsa_p = keyptr[0:octets] keyptr = keyptr[octets:] dsa_g = keyptr[0:octets] keyptr = keyptr[octets:] dsa_y = keyptr[0:octets] pubkey = Crypto.PublicKey.DSA.construct( (Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_y), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_g), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_p), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_q))) (dsa_r, dsa_s) = struct.unpack('!20s20s', rrsig.signature[1:]) sig = (Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_r), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(dsa_s)) elif _is_ecdsa(rrsig.algorithm): if rrsig.algorithm == ECDSAP256SHA256: curve = ecdsa.curves.NIST256p key_len = 32 elif rrsig.algorithm == ECDSAP384SHA384: curve = ecdsa.curves.NIST384p key_len = 48 else: # shouldn't happen raise ValidationFailure('unknown ECDSA curve') keyptr = candidate_key.key x = Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(keyptr[0:key_len]) y = Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(keyptr[key_len:key_len * 2]) assert ecdsa.ecdsa.point_is_valid(curve.generator, x, y) point = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.Point(curve.curve, x, y, curve.order) verifying_key = ecdsa.keys.VerifyingKey.from_public_point(point, curve) pubkey = ECKeyWrapper(verifying_key, key_len) r = rrsig.signature[:key_len] s = rrsig.signature[key_len:] sig = ecdsa.ecdsa.Signature(Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(r), Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(s)) else: raise ValidationFailure('unknown algorithm %u' % rrsig.algorithm) hash.update(_to_rdata(rrsig, origin)[:18]) hash.update(rrsig.signer.to_digestable(origin)) if rrsig.labels < len(rrname) - 1: suffix = rrname.split(rrsig.labels + 1)[1] rrname = dns.name.from_text('*', suffix) rrnamebuf = rrname.to_digestable(origin) rrfixed = struct.pack('!HHI', rdataset.rdtype, rdataset.rdclass, rrsig.original_ttl) rrlist = sorted(rdataset) for rr in rrlist: hash.update(rrnamebuf) hash.update(rrfixed) rrdata = rr.to_digestable(origin) rrlen = struct.pack('!H', len(rrdata)) hash.update(rrlen) hash.update(rrdata) digest = hash.digest() if _is_rsa(rrsig.algorithm): # PKCS1 algorithm identifier goop digest = _make_algorithm_id(rrsig.algorithm) + digest padlen = keylen // 8 - len(digest) - 3 digest = struct.pack('!%dB' % (2 + padlen + 1), *([0, 1] + [0xFF] * padlen + [0])) + digest elif _is_dsa(rrsig.algorithm) or _is_ecdsa(rrsig.algorithm): pass else: # Raise here for code clarity; this won't actually ever happen # since if the algorithm is really unknown we'd already have # raised an exception above raise ValidationFailure('unknown algorithm %u' % rrsig.algorithm) if pubkey.verify(digest, sig): return raise ValidationFailure('verify failure') def _validate(rrset, rrsigset, keys, origin=None, now=None): """Validate an RRset @param rrset: The RRset to validate @type rrset: dns.rrset.RRset or (dns.name.Name, dns.rdataset.Rdataset) tuple @param rrsigset: The signature RRset @type rrsigset: dns.rrset.RRset or (dns.name.Name, dns.rdataset.Rdataset) tuple @param keys: The key dictionary. @type keys: a dictionary keyed by dns.name.Name with node or rdataset values @param origin: The origin to use for relative names @type origin: dns.name.Name or None @param now: The time to use when validating the signatures. The default is the current time. @type now: int """ if isinstance(origin, string_types): origin = dns.name.from_text(origin, dns.name.root) if isinstance(rrset, tuple): rrname = rrset[0] else: rrname = rrset.name if isinstance(rrsigset, tuple): rrsigname = rrsigset[0] rrsigrdataset = rrsigset[1] else: rrsigname = rrsigset.name rrsigrdataset = rrsigset rrname = rrname.choose_relativity(origin) rrsigname = rrname.choose_relativity(origin) if rrname != rrsigname: raise ValidationFailure("owner names do not match") for rrsig in rrsigrdataset: try: _validate_rrsig(rrset, rrsig, keys, origin, now) return except ValidationFailure: pass raise ValidationFailure("no RRSIGs validated") def _need_pycrypto(*args, **kwargs): raise NotImplementedError("DNSSEC validation requires pycrypto") try: import Crypto.PublicKey.RSA import Crypto.PublicKey.DSA import Crypto.Util.number validate = _validate validate_rrsig = _validate_rrsig _have_pycrypto = True except ImportError: validate = _need_pycrypto validate_rrsig = _need_pycrypto _have_pycrypto = False try: import ecdsa import ecdsa.ecdsa import ecdsa.ellipticcurve import ecdsa.keys _have_ecdsa = True class ECKeyWrapper(object): def __init__(self, key, key_len): self.key = key self.key_len = key_len def verify(self, digest, sig): diglong = Crypto.Util.number.bytes_to_long(digest) return self.key.pubkey.verifies(diglong, sig) except ImportError: _have_ecdsa = False
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