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python2.7
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Demo
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threads
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# Coroutine implementation using Python threads. # # Combines ideas from Guido's Generator module, and from the coroutine # features of Icon and Simula 67. # # To run a collection of functions as coroutines, you need to create # a Coroutine object to control them: # co = Coroutine() # and then 'create' a subsidiary object for each function in the # collection: # cof1 = co.create(f1 [, arg1, arg2, ...]) # [] means optional, # cof2 = co.create(f2 [, arg1, arg2, ...]) #... not list # cof3 = co.create(f3 [, arg1, arg2, ...]) # etc. The functions need not be distinct; 'create'ing the same # function multiple times gives you independent instances of the # function. # # To start the coroutines running, use co.tran on one of the create'd # functions; e.g., co.tran(cof2). The routine that first executes # co.tran is called the "main coroutine". It's special in several # respects: it existed before you created the Coroutine object; if any of # the create'd coroutines exits (does a return, or suffers an unhandled # exception), EarlyExit error is raised in the main coroutine; and the # co.detach() method transfers control directly to the main coroutine # (you can't use co.tran() for this because the main coroutine doesn't # have a name ...). # # Coroutine objects support these methods: # # handle = .create(func [, arg1, arg2, ...]) # Creates a coroutine for an invocation of func(arg1, arg2, ...), # and returns a handle ("name") for the coroutine so created. The # handle can be used as the target in a subsequent .tran(). # # .tran(target, data=None) # Transfer control to the create'd coroutine "target", optionally # passing it an arbitrary piece of data. To the coroutine A that does # the .tran, .tran acts like an ordinary function call: another # coroutine B can .tran back to it later, and if it does A's .tran # returns the 'data' argument passed to B's tran. E.g., # # in coroutine coA in coroutine coC in coroutine coB # x = co.tran(coC) co.tran(coB) co.tran(coA,12) # print x # 12 # # The data-passing feature is taken from Icon, and greatly cuts # the need to use global variables for inter-coroutine communication. # # .back( data=None ) # The same as .tran(invoker, data=None), where 'invoker' is the # coroutine that most recently .tran'ed control to the coroutine # doing the .back. This is akin to Icon's "&source". # # .detach( data=None ) # The same as .tran(main, data=None), where 'main' is the # (unnameable!) coroutine that started it all. 'main' has all the # rights of any other coroutine: upon receiving control, it can # .tran to an arbitrary coroutine of its choosing, go .back to # the .detach'er, or .kill the whole thing. # # .kill() # Destroy all the coroutines, and return control to the main # coroutine. None of the create'ed coroutines can be resumed after a # .kill(). An EarlyExit exception does a .kill() automatically. It's # a good idea to .kill() coroutines you're done with, since the # current implementation consumes a thread for each coroutine that # may be resumed. import thread import sync class _CoEvent: def __init__(self, func): self.f = func self.e = sync.event() def __repr__(self): if self.f is None: return 'main coroutine' else: return 'coroutine for func ' + self.f.func_name def __hash__(self): return id(self) def __cmp__(x,y): return cmp(id(x), id(y)) def resume(self): self.e.post() def wait(self): self.e.wait() self.e.clear() class Killed(Exception): pass class EarlyExit(Exception): pass class Coroutine: def __init__(self): self.active = self.main = _CoEvent(None) self.invokedby = {self.main: None} self.killed = 0 self.value = None self.terminated_by = None def create(self, func, *args): me = _CoEvent(func) self.invokedby[me] = None thread.start_new_thread(self._start, (me,) + args) return me def _start(self, me, *args): me.wait() if not self.killed: try: try: apply(me.f, args) except Killed: pass finally: if not self.killed: self.terminated_by = me self.kill() def kill(self): if self.killed: raise TypeError, 'kill() called on dead coroutines' self.killed = 1 for coroutine in self.invokedby.keys(): coroutine.resume() def back(self, data=None): return self.tran( self.invokedby[self.active], data ) def detach(self, data=None): return self.tran( self.main, data ) def tran(self, target, data=None): if not self.invokedby.has_key(target): raise TypeError, '.tran target %r is not an active coroutine' % (target,) if self.killed: raise TypeError, '.tran target %r is killed' % (target,) self.value = data me = self.active self.invokedby[target] = me self.active = target target.resume() me.wait() if self.killed: if self.main is not me: raise Killed if self.terminated_by is not None: raise EarlyExit, '%r terminated early' % (self.terminated_by,) return self.value # end of module
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