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package Crypt::SSLeay; use strict; use vars '$VERSION'; $VERSION = '0.72'; $VERSION = eval $VERSION; eval { require XSLoader; XSLoader::load('Crypt::SSLeay', $VERSION); 1; } or do { require DynaLoader; use vars '@ISA'; # not really locally scoped, it just looks that way @ISA = qw(DynaLoader); bootstrap Crypt::SSLeay $VERSION; }; use vars qw(%CIPHERS); %CIPHERS = ( 'NULL-MD5' => "No encryption with a MD5 MAC", 'RC4-MD5' => "128 bit RC4 encryption with a MD5 MAC", 'EXP-RC4-MD5' => "40 bit RC4 encryption with a MD5 MAC", 'RC2-CBC-MD5' => "128 bit RC2 encryption with a MD5 MAC", 'EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5' => "40 bit RC2 encryption with a MD5 MAC", 'IDEA-CBC-MD5' => "128 bit IDEA encryption with a MD5 MAC", 'DES-CBC-MD5' => "56 bit DES encryption with a MD5 MAC", 'DES-CBC-SHA' => "56 bit DES encryption with a SHA MAC", 'DES-CBC3-MD5' => "192 bit EDE3 DES encryption with a MD5 MAC", 'DES-CBC3-SHA' => "192 bit EDE3 DES encryption with a SHA MAC", 'DES-CFB-M1' => "56 bit CFB64 DES encryption with a one byte MD5 MAC", ); use Crypt::SSLeay::X509; # A xsupp bug made this necessary sub Crypt::SSLeay::CTX::DESTROY { shift->free; } sub Crypt::SSLeay::Conn::DESTROY { shift->free; } sub Crypt::SSLeay::X509::DESTROY { shift->free; } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME Crypt::SSLeay - OpenSSL support for LWP =head1 HEARTBLEED WARNING C<perl Makefile.PL> will display a warning if it thinks your OpenSSL might be vulnerable to the L<Heartbleed Bug|https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2014-0160>. You can, of course, go ahead and install the module, but you should be aware that your system might be exposed to an extremely serious vulnerability. This is just a heuristic based on the version reported by OpenSSL. It is entirely possible that your distrbution actually pushed a patched library, so if you have concerns, you should investigate further. =head1 SYNOPSIS use Net::SSL; use LWP::UserAgent; my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new( ssl_opts => { verify_hostname => 0 }, ); my $response = $ua->get('https://www.example.com/'); print $response->content, "\n"; =head1 DESCRIPTION This Perl module provides support for the HTTPS protocol under L<LWP>, to allow an L<LWP::UserAgent> object to perform GET, HEAD, and POST requests over encrypted socket connections. Please see L<LWP> for more information on POST requests. The C<Crypt::SSLeay> package provides C<Net::SSL>, which, if requested, is loaded by C<LWP::Protocol::https> for https requests and provides the necessary SSL glue. This distribution also makes following deprecated modules available: Crypt::SSLeay::CTX Crypt::SSLeay::Conn Crypt::SSLeay::X509 =head1 DO YOU NEED Crypt::SSLeay? Starting with version 6.02 of L<LWP>, C<https> support was unbundled into L<LWP::Protocol::https>. This module specifies as one of its prerequisites L<IO::Socket::SSL> which is automatically used by L<LWP::UserAgent> unless this preference is overridden separately. C<IO::Socket::SSL> is a more complete implementation, and, crucially, it allows hostname verification. C<Crypt::SSLeay> does not support this. At this point, C<Crypt::SSLeay> is maintained to support existing software that already depends on it. However, it is possible that your software does not really depend on C<Crypt::SSLeay>, only on the ability of C<LWP::UserAgent> class to communicate with sites over SSL/TLS. If are using version C<LWP> 6.02 or later, and therefore have installed C<LWP::Protocol::https> and its dependencies, and do not explicitly C<use> C<Net::SSL> before loading C<LWP::UserAgent>, or override the default socket class, you are probably using C<IO::Socket::SSL> and do not really need C<Crypt::SSLeay>. If you have both C<Crypt::SSLeay> and C<IO::Socket::SSL> installed, and would like to force C<LWP::UserAgent> to use C<Crypt::SSLeay>, you can use: use Net::HTTPS; $Net::HTTPS::SSL_SOCKET_CLASS = 'Net::SSL'; use LWP::UserAgent; or local $ENV{PERL_NET_HTTPS_SSL_SOCKET_CLASS} = 'Net::SSL'; use LWP::UserAgent; or use Net::SSL; use LWP::UserAgent; =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES =over 4 =item Specify SSL Socket Class C<$ENV{PERL_NET_HTTPS_SSL_SOCKET_CLASS}> can be used to instruct C<LWP::UserAgent> to use C<Net::SSL> for HTTPS support rather than C<IO::Socket::SSL>. =item Proxy Support $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = 'http://proxy_hostname_or_ip:port'; =item Proxy Basic Authentication $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_USERNAME} = 'username'; $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_PASSWORD} = 'password'; =item SSL diagnostics and Debugging $ENV{HTTPS_DEBUG} = 1; =item Default SSL Version $ENV{HTTPS_VERSION} = '3'; =item Client Certificate Support $ENV{HTTPS_CERT_FILE} = 'certs/notacacert.pem'; $ENV{HTTPS_KEY_FILE} = 'certs/notacakeynopass.pem'; =item CA cert Peer Verification $ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE} = 'certs/ca-bundle.crt'; $ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR} = 'certs/'; =item Client PKCS12 cert support $ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_FILE} = 'certs/pkcs12.pkcs12'; $ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_PASSWORD} = 'PKCS12_PASSWORD'; =back =head1 INSTALL =head2 OpenSSL You must have OpenSSL installed before compiling this module. You can get the latest OpenSSL package from L<https://www.openssl.org/source/>. We no longer support pre-2000 versions of OpenSSL. If you are building OpenSSL from source, please follow the directions included in the source package. =head2 Crypt::SSLeay via Makefile.PL C<Makefile.PL> accepts the following command line arguments: =over 4 =item C<incpath> Path to OpenSSL headers. Can also be specified via C<$ENV{OPENSSL_INCLUDE}>. If the command line argument is provided, it overrides any value specified via the environment variable. Of course, you can ignore both the command line argument and the environment variable, and just add the path to your compiler specific environment variable such as C<CPATH> or C<INCLUDE> etc. =item C<libpath> Path to OpenSSL libraries. Can also be specified via C<$ENV{OPENSSL_LIB}>. If the command line argument is provided, it overrides any value specified by the environment variable. Of course, you can ignore both the command line argument and the environment variable and just add the path to your compiler specific environment variable such as C<LIBRARY_PATH> or C<LIB> etc. =item C<live-tests> Use C<--live-tests> to request tests that try to connect to an external web site, and C<--no-live_tests> to prevent such tests from running. If you run C<Makefile.PL> interactively, and this argument is not specified on the command line, you will be prompted for a value. Default is false. =item C<static> Boolean. Default is false. B<TODO>: Does it work? =item C<verbose> Boolean. Default is false. If you pass C<--verbose> on the command line, both C<Devel::CheckLib> and C<ExtUtils::CBuilder> instances will be configured to echo what they are doing. =back If everything builds OK, but you get failures when during tests, ensure that C<LD_LIBRARY_PATH> points to the location where the correct shared libraries are located. If you are using a custom OpenSSL build, please keep in mind that C<Crypt::SSLeay> must be built using the same compiler and build tools used to build C<perl> and OpenSSL. This can be more of an issue on Windows. If you are using Active State Perl, install the MinGW package distributed by them, and build OpenSSL using that before trying to build this module. If you have built your own Perl using Microsoft SDK tools or IDEs, make sure you build OpenSSL using the same tools. Depending on your OS, pre-built OpenSSL packages may be available. To get the require headers and import libraries, you may need to install a development version of your operating system's OpenSSL library package. The key is that C<Crypt::SSLeay> makes calls to the OpenSSL library, and how to do so is specified in the C header files that come with the library. Some systems break out the header files into a separate package from that of the libraries. Once the program has been built, you don't need the headers any more. =head2 Crypt::SSLeay The latest Crypt::SSLeay can be found at your nearest CPAN mirror, as well as L<https://metacpan.org/pod/Crypt::SSLeay>. Once you have downloaded it, C<Crypt::SSLeay> installs easily using the standard build process: $ perl Makefile.PL $ make $ make test $ make install or $ cpanm Crypt::SSLeay If you have OpenSSL headers and libraries in nonstandard locations, you can use $ perl Makefile.PL --incpath=... --libpath=... If you would like to use C<cpanm> with such custom locations, you can do $ OPENSSL_INCLUDE=... OPENSSL_LIB=... cpanm Crypt::SSLeay or, on Windows, > set OPENSSL_INCLUDE=... > set OPENSSL_LIB=... > cpanm Crypt::SSLeay If you are on Windows, and using a MinGW distribution bundled with ActiveState Perl or Strawberry Perl, you would use C<dmake> rather than C<make>. If you are using Microsoft's build tools, you would use C<nmake>. For unattended (batch) installations, to be absolutely certain that F<Makefile.PL> does not prompt for questions on STDIN, set the environment variable C<PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1> as with any CPAN module built using L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. =head3 VMS I do not have any experience with VMS. If OpenSSL headers and libraries are not in standard locations searched by your build system by default, please set things up so that they are. If you have generic instructions on how to do it, please open a ticket on RT with the information so I can add it to this document. =head1 PROXY SUPPORT L<LWP::UserAgent> and L<Crypt::SSLeay> have their own versions of proxy support. Please read these sections to see which one is appropriate. =head2 LWP::UserAgent proxy support C<LWP::UserAgent> has its own methods of proxying which may work for you and is likely to be incompatible with C<Crypt::SSLeay> proxy support. To use C<LWP::UserAgent> proxy support, try something like: my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new; $ua->proxy([qw( https http )], "$proxy_ip:$proxy_port"); At the time of this writing, libwww v5.6 seems to proxy https requests fine with an Apache F<mod_proxy> server. It sends a line like: GET https://www.example.com HTTP/1.1 to the proxy server, which is not the C<CONNECT> request that some proxies would expect, so this may not work with other proxy servers than F<mod_proxy>. The C<CONNECT> method is used by C<Crypt::SSLeay>'s internal proxy support. =head2 Crypt::SSLeay proxy support For native C<Crypt::SSLeay> proxy support of https requests, you need to set the environment variable C<HTTPS_PROXY> to your proxy server and port, as in: # proxy support $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = 'http://proxy_hostname_or_ip:port'; $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = '127.0.0.1:8080'; Use of the C<HTTPS_PROXY> environment variable in this way is similar to C<LWP::UserAgent->env_proxy()> usage, but calling that method will likely override or break the C<Crypt::SSLeay> support, so do not mix the two. Basic auth credentials to the proxy server can be provided this way: # proxy_basic_auth $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_USERNAME} = 'username'; $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_PASSWORD} = 'password'; For an example of LWP scripting with C<Crypt::SSLeay> native proxy support, please look at the F<eg/lwp-ssl-test> script in the C<Crypt::SSLeay> distribution. =head1 CLIENT CERTIFICATE SUPPORT Client certificates are supported. PEM encoded certificate and private key files may be used like this: $ENV{HTTPS_CERT_FILE} = 'certs/notacacert.pem'; $ENV{HTTPS_KEY_FILE} = 'certs/notacakeynopass.pem'; You may test your files with the F<eg/net-ssl-test> program, bundled with the distribution, by issuing a command like: perl eg/net-ssl-test -cert=certs/notacacert.pem \ -key=certs/notacakeynopass.pem -d GET $HOST_NAME Additionally, if you would like to tell the client where the CA file is, you may set these. $ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE} = "some_file"; $ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR} = "some_dir"; Note that, if specified, C<$ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE}> must point to the actual certificate file. That is, C<$ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR}> is *not* the path were C<$ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE}> is located. For certificates in C<$ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR}> to be picked up, follow the instructions on L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html> There is no sample CA cert file at this time for testing, but you may configure F<eg/net-ssl-test> to use your CA cert with the -CAfile option. (TODO: then what is the F<./certs> directory in the distribution?) =head2 Creating a test certificate To create simple test certificates with OpenSSL, you may run the following command: openssl req -config /usr/local/openssl/openssl.cnf \ -new -days 365 -newkey rsa:1024 -x509 \ -keyout notacakey.pem -out notacacert.pem To remove the pass phrase from the key file, run: openssl rsa -in notacakey.pem -out notacakeynopass.pem =head2 PKCS12 support The directives for enabling use of PKCS12 certificates is: $ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_FILE} = 'certs/pkcs12.pkcs12'; $ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_PASSWORD} = 'PKCS12_PASSWORD'; Use of this type of certificate takes precedence over previous certificate settings described. (TODO: unclear? Meaning "the presence of this type of certificate"?) =head1 SSL versions C<Crypt::SSLeay> tries very hard to connect to I<any> SSL web server accommodating servers that are buggy, old or simply not standards-compliant. To this effect, this module will try SSL connections in this order: =over 4 =item SSL v23 should allow v2 and v3 servers to pick their best type =item SSL v3 best connection type =item SSL v2 old connection type =back Unfortunately, some servers seem not to handle a reconnect to SSL v3 after a failed connect of SSL v23 is tried, so you may set before using LWP or Net::SSL: $ENV{HTTPS_VERSION} = 3; to force a version 3 SSL connection first. At this time only a version 2 SSL connection will be tried after this, as the connection attempt order remains unchanged by this setting. =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks to the following individuals who helped improve C<Crypt-SSLeay>: I<Gisle Aas> for writing this module and many others including libwww, for perl. The web will never be the same :) I<Ben Laurie> deserves kudos for his excellent patches for better error handling, SSL information inspection, and random seeding. I<Dongqiang Bai> for host name resolution fix when using a proxy. I<Stuart Horner> of Core Communications, Inc. who found the need for building C<--shared> OpenSSL libraries. I<Pavel Hlavnicka> for a patch for freeing memory when using a pkcs12 file, and for inspiring more robust C<read()> behavior. I<James Woodyatt> is a champ for finding a ridiculous memory leak that has been the bane of many a Crypt::SSLeay user. I<Bryan Hart> for his patch adding proxy support, and thanks to I<Tobias Manthey> for submitting another approach. I<Alex Rhomberg> for Alpha linux ccc patch. I<Tobias Manthey> for his patches for client certificate support. I<Daisuke Kuroda> for adding PKCS12 certificate support. I<Gamid Isayev> for CA cert support and insights into error messaging. I<Jeff Long> for working through a tricky CA cert SSLClientVerify issue. I<Chip Turner> for a patch to build under perl 5.8.0. I<Joshua Chamas> for the time he spent maintaining the module. I<Jeff Lavallee> for help with alarms on read failures (CPAN bug #12444). I<Guenter Knauf> for significant improvements in configuring things in Win32 and Netware lands and Jan Dubois for various suggestions for improvements. and I<many others> who provided bug reports, suggestions, fixes and patches. If you have reported a bug or provided feedback, and you would like to be mentioned by name in this section, please file request on L<rt.cpan.org|http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Crypt-SSLeay>. =head1 SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Net::SSL If you have downloaded this distribution as of a dependency of another distribution, it's probably due to this module (which is included in this distribution). =item Net::SSLeay L<Net::SSLeay> provides access to the OpenSSL API directly from Perl. See L<https://metacpan.org/pod/Net::SSLeay/>. =item Building OpenSSL on 64-bit Windows 8.1 Pro using SDK tools My blog post L<http://blog.nu42.com/2014/04/building-openssl-101g-on-64-bit-windows.html> might be helpful. =back =head1 SUPPORT For issues related to using of C<Crypt::SSLeay> & C<Net::SSL> with Perl's L<LWP>, please send email to C<libwww@perl.org>. For OpenSSL or general SSL support, including issues associated with building and installing OpenSSL on your system, please email the OpenSSL users mailing list at C<openssl-users@openssl.org>. See L<http://www.openssl.org/support/community.html> for other mailing lists and archives. Please report all bugs using L<rt.cpan.org|http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Crypt-SSLeay>. =head1 AUTHORS This module was originally written by Gisle Aas, and was subsequently maintained by Joshua Chamas, David Landgren, brian d foy and Sinan Unur. =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 2010-2014 A. Sinan Unur Copyright (c) 2006-2007 David Landgren Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Joshua Chamas Copyright (c) 1998 Gisle Aas =head1 LICENSE This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of Artistic License 2.0 (see L<http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0>). =cut
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